Impacto do exercício físico na adiposopatia: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.113545Palavras-chave:
Exercício físico, adiposopatia, leptina, adiponectina, síndrome metabólicaResumo
Introdução: O exercício físico tem um impacto positivo na inflamação sistémica e na função do tecido adiposo, particularmente através de biomarcadores como a leptina e a adiponectina. Estas alterações estão associadas à obesidade, síndrome metabólica e doenças crónicas não transmissíveis.
Objectivo: Avaliar o impacto de diferentes protocolos de exercício físico nos níveis de leptina e adiponectina em indivíduos com obesidade e/ou doenças crónicas.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos experimentais (ensaios clínicos e quase experimentais) publicados entre 2000 e 2024, que analisaram intervenções de exercício físico em adultos com obesidade ou doenças crónicas. Foram incluídas comparações com grupos de controlo sem tratamento, cuidados habituais ou placebo. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library e Embase. Foram identificados 2148 registos e selecionados 14 estudos, incluindo (n = 510 participantes, idade média de 28,02 anos). Dois revisores independentes avaliaram o risco de viés utilizando a ferramenta Cochrane. Foram calculadas as diferenças médias e as odds ratios, e o sistema GRADE foi aplicado para avaliar a certeza da evidência.
Resultados: O exercício físico reduziu significativamente os níveis de leptina e aumentou os níveis de adiponectina, melhorando a função do tecido adiposo. Foram também observadas melhorias na capacidade cardiovascular (VO₂ pico).
Conclusões: O exercício físico é uma estratégia eficaz para modular os biomarcadores inflamatórios e melhorar a saúde metabólica em populações com obesidade e doenças crónicas, embora os seus efeitos possam variar consoante o tipo de protocolo aplicado de vida.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Mauricio Ernesto Tauda, Eduardo Joel Cruzat Bravo, Rocio Beatriz Bustos Barahona, Yoselyn Yudith Reyes Sanchez, David Ismael Ergas Schleef
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