Impact of physical exercise on adiposity: a systematic review

Authors

  • Mauricio Ernesto Tauda Saint Thomas Aquinas University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4864-3337
  • Eduardo Joel Cruzat Bravo Saint Thomas Aquinas University
  • Rocio Beatriz Bustos Barahona Saint Thomas Aquinas University
  • Yoselyn Yudith Reyes Sanchez Saint Thomas Aquinas University
  • David Ismael Ergas Schleef Saint Thomas Aquinas University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.113545

Keywords:

Physical exercise , adiposopathy, leptin, adiponectin, metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: Physical exercise has a positive impact on systemic inflammation and adipose tissue function, particularly through biomarkers such as leptin and adiponectin. These alterations are associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-communicable chronic diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of different physical exercise protocols on leptin and adiponectin levels in individuals with obesity and/or chronic diseases.

Methodology: A systematic review was conducted of experimental studies (clinical and quasi-experimental trials) published between 2000 and 2024, which analyzed physical exercise interventions in adults with obesity or chronic diseases. Comparisons with control groups without treatment, usual care, or placebo were included. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. A total of 2.148 records were identified, and 14 studies were selected, which included (n=510 participants, mean age 28.02 years). Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. Mean differences and odds ratios were calculated, and the GRADE system was applied to assess the certainty of the evidence.

Results: Physical exercise significantly reduced leptin levels and increased adiponectin levels, improving adipose tissue function. Improvements in cardiovascular capacity (VO₂ peak) were also observed.

Conclusions: Exercise is an effective strategy for modulating inflammatory biomarkers and improving metabolic health in populations with obesity and chronic diseases, although its effects may vary depending on the type of protocol applied of life.

Author Biographies

Mauricio Ernesto Tauda, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

 

Physical Trainer - Physical Education Professor. Diploma in Exercise Physiology. Master's in Clinical Exercise Physiology. PhD (c) in Physical Activity and Health.

Eduardo Joel Cruzat Bravo, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

 

Kinesiologist. Master's in Education. PhD in Human Development.

Rocio Beatriz Bustos Barahona, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

Master's in Physical Exercise and Health.

 

Yoselyn Yudith Reyes Sanchez, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

Kinesiologist. Master's in Physical Exercise and Health.

 

David Ismael Ergas Schleef, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

Physical Education Teacher. Diploma in Higher Education. Master's in Physical Exercise and Health.

 

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Published

2025-06-10

How to Cite

Tauda, M. E., Cruzat Bravo, E. J., Bustos Barahona, R. B., Reyes Sanchez, Y. Y., & Ergas Schleef, D. I. (2025). Impact of physical exercise on adiposity: a systematic review. Retos, 69, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.113545

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Vol. 69 (2025)

Section

Theoretical systematic reviews and/or meta-analysis

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Copyright (c) 2025 Mauricio Ernesto Tauda, Eduardo Joel Cruzat Bravo, Rocio Beatriz Bustos Barahona, Yoselyn Yudith Reyes Sanchez, David Ismael Ergas Schleef

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