Efecto del entrenamiento pliométrico y el entrenamiento con escalera sobre la agilidad en carreras de 20 metros y el VO2máx en atletas de karate

Autores/as

  • Retno Triya Lavianti Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Muhammad Kharis Fajar Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Nurhasan Nurhasan Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Bayu Agung Pramono Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Dwi Cahyo Kartiko Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Waristra Tyo Nirwansyah Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Kunjung Ashadi Study Program of Sports Coaching, Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • I Dewa Made Aryananda Wijaya Kusuma Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Andri Suyoko Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Adi Pranoto Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.111573

Palabras clave:

Atletas de karate, entrenamiento con escalera, rendimiento físico, entrenamiento pliométrico

Resumen

Introducción: El karate es un arte marcial muy popular que involucra a participantes de diversas edades. En la categoría de kumite, los atletas deben poseer habilidades físicas óptimas como velocidad, agilidad y resistencia para mantener una ventaja competitiva.

Objetivo: Por lo tanto, este estudio busca comparar los efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico y los ejercicios de escalera sobre la velocidad, la agilidad y el VO2máx en karatecas.

Metodología: Participaron 30 karatecas (kumite) de entre 18 y 20 años con un peso promedio de 60,88 ± 7,5 kg, divididos en tres grupos: (A1; n = 10) grupo control, (A2; n = 10) grupo pliométrico y (A3; n = 10) grupo de ejercicios de escalera. El entrenamiento se realizó con una frecuencia de 3 veces por semana durante 6 semanas. Se midieron la velocidad, la agilidad y el VO2máx antes y después de la intervención en todos los grupos. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante un ANOVA unidireccional seguido de la prueba post-hoc de Diferencia Mínima Significativa (LSD) con un nivel de significancia del 5%.

Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el entrenamiento pliométrico y de ejercicios de escalera durante 6 semanas mejoró significativamente el rendimiento físico de los karatecas (p ≤ 0,05). El entrenamiento pliométrico demostró ser más eficaz para aumentar la velocidad de sprint y la capacidad aeróbica (p ≤ 0,05), mientras que el entrenamiento de ejercicios de escalera fue más eficaz para mejorar la agilidad (p ≤ 0,05).

Conclusiones: Este estudio reveló que el uso del entrenamiento pliométrico y de ejercicios de escalera en karatecas es altamente eficaz para mejorar la velocidad, la agilidad y el VO2máx en los atletas de Kumite, lo que proporciona una guía práctica para los entrenadores en el diseño de programas de entrenamiento efectivos y específicos para mejorar el rendimiento físico de los karatecas.

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Publicado

2025-06-25

Cómo citar

Triya Lavianti, R., Kharis Fajar, M., Nurhasan, N., Agung Pramono, B., Cahyo Kartiko, D., Tyo Nirwansyah, W., … Pranoto, A. (2025). Efecto del entrenamiento pliométrico y el entrenamiento con escalera sobre la agilidad en carreras de 20 metros y el VO2máx en atletas de karate. Retos, 70, 171–179. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.111573

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas