Dos técnicas diferentes para la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior. ¿Cuál es mejor para el control postural?

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.114375

Palabras clave:

Balance postural, ejercicio terapéutico, ligamento cruzado anterior, reconstrucción ligamento cruzado anterior, terapia física

Resumen

Introducción: Las roturas del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) se encuentran entre las lesiones de rodilla más comunes. Estas lesiones comprometen la estabilidad y la función y, a menudo, requieren una reconstrucción quirúrgica. Comprender el control postural de las extremidades inferiores en pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción del LCA (RLCA) con diferentes técnicas, bajo el mismo protocolo de rehabilitación, es esencial para optimizar la recuperación y mejorar los resultados funcionales después de la fisioterapia. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia del protocolo de rehabilitación en el control postural entre la técnica de RLCA hueso-tendón-hueso (HTH) y el injerto tomado de los músculos semitendinoso y gracilis (STG).

Metodología: Se realizó una evaluación posturográfica 16 semanas después de la cirugía con un protocolo de rehabilitación estandarizado de 16 semanas en un grupo HTH (n=30, edad=32,16±8,73 años, peso=78,03±9,53 kg, altura=1,69±0,06 m) y otro grupo de STG (n=38; edad=34,84±9,4 años; peso=76,47±9,27 kg; altura=1,67±0,05 m).

Resultados: No se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la velocidad unilateral (p>0,05) y el área unilateral del centro de presión (p>0,05) en sujetos con RLCA mediante la técnica HTH.  

Discusión: Se compararon dos técnicas de RLCA bajo el mismo protocolo de rehabilitación de 16 semanas, evaluando el equilibrio y la estabilidad postural. Los resultados mostraron que la técnica HTH presentó menos diferencias entre las extremidades lesionadas y sanas, demostrando mejores resultados que el injerto STG. Sin embargo, se identificaron limitaciones metodológicas, así como la necesidad de considerar factores como la dominancia de las extremidades en futuras investigaciones.

Conclusiones: La técnica RLCA HTH presenta mejores resultados de control postural a 16 semanas de fisioterapia.

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16-09-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Cancino-Jiménez, J., Moya-Jofre, C., Araya-Ibacache, M., Retamal-Espinoza, M., Arriagada-Tarifeño, D., Cifuentes-Silva, E., Miarka, B., & Aedo Muñoz, E. (2025). Dos técnicas diferentes para la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior. ¿Cuál es mejor para el control postural?. Retos, 72, 643-653. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.114375