Moderate-intensity training has a better effect on growth factors than high-intensity training in rats

Authors

  • Laily Mita Andriana Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9845-6577
  • Adi Pranoto Department of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-9245
  • Greta Ahmad Bukhori Atlas Sports Club Malang
  • Joseph Kenoly Nugroho Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang
  • Irmantara Subagio Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Nining Widyah Kusnanik Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Bayu Agung Pramono Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Dany Pramuno Putra Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2650-9810
  • Muhamad Fauzi Antoni Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3482-3297
  • Bekir Erhan Orhan Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Aydın University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.116181

Keywords:

Cortisol, growth hormone, melatonin, moderate-intensity training, high-intensity training

Abstract

Introduction: Exercise is widely known to be a powerful stimulus to the endocrine system. Several previous studies have examined the effects of exercise on GH, melatonin, or cortisol separately. However, to date, no study has directly examined all three hormones simultaneously within a single exercise protocol, especially using a controlled rat models.

Objective: The study aims to determine the effect of moderate-intensity training and high-intensity training on growth determinants in rats.

Methodology: A total of 39 male rats, Rattus Norvegicus strain Wistar type, 8 weeks aged, 160±20 gram and randomly divided into three groups: CON (n = 13, controls without treatment), MIT (n = 13, moderate-intensity training, using a treadmill with a speed of 14-16 m/min for 30 minutes and HIT (n = 13, high-intensity training, using a treadmill at a speed of 22-25 m/min during 20 minutes). Treatment was carried out from 17.00-21.00 p.m. with a frequency of 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Blood was taken after 24 hours after the last exercise treatment. Serum measurements of growth hormone (GH), melatonin and cortisol using the ELISA. The data were analyzed by using one way-ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test with significant levels of 5%.

Results: We observed GH levels in CON (4.30 ± 0.29) pg/mL, MIT (4.55 ± 0.17) pg/mL, HIT (4.09 ± 0.28) pg/mL and (p < 0.001). Melatonin levels in CON (172.31 ± 15.86) pg/mL, MIT (193.54 ± 25.01) pg/mL, HIT (165.96 ± 15.44) pg/mL and (p < 0.05). Cortisol levels in CON (247.22 ± 50.26) ng/mL, MIT (212.82 ± 41.24) ng/mL, HIT (262.11 ± 19.56) ng/mL and (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that moderate-intensity training has a better effect on growth determinants compared to high-intensity training in rats.

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Published

2025-06-13

How to Cite

Andriana, L. M., Pranoto, A., Bukhori, G. A., Nugroho, J. K., Subagio, I., Kusnanik, N. W., … Orhan, B. E. (2025). Moderate-intensity training has a better effect on growth factors than high-intensity training in rats. Retos, 69, 619–627. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.116181

Issue

Vol. 69 (2025)

Section

Original Research Article

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Copyright (c) 2025 Laily Mita Andriana, Adi Pranoto, Greta Ahmad Bukhori, Joseph Kenoly Nugroho, Irmantara Subagio, Nining Widyah Kusnanik, Bayu Agung Pramono, Dany Pramuno Putra, Muhamad Fauzi Antoni, Bekir Erhan Orhan

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