Physical exercise as a modulator of neuroplasticity and cognitive function: systematic review

Authors

  • Rocio Beatriz Bustos Barahona Saint Thomas Aquinas University
  • Eduardo Joel Cruzat Bravo Saint Thomas Aquinas University
  • Yoselyn Yudith Reyes Sanchez Saint Thomas Aquinas University
  • Mauricio Ernesto Tauda Saint Thomas Aquinas University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4864-3337

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.111473

Keywords:

Physical exercise , Cognitive impairment, Dementia risk, Neuroplasticity, Cognitive function

Abstract

Introduction: physical exercise has been recognized as an effective intervention to prevent cognitive decline and reduce the risk of dementia in older adults. However, there is limited scientific evidence specifically focused on its neurological effects in individuals with established cognitive impairment.

Objectives: this systematic review aimed to examine and synthesize the available evidence regarding the impact of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and cognitive function. A systematic search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, covering publications from 2010 to 2024. A total of 1,078 records were identified, of which 587 were removed as duplicates. After screening and methodological quality assessment, 15 studies were included, involving a total of 981 participants aged between 58 and 78 years. The interventions included aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercises, performed 2 to 5 times per week over periods ranging from 6 to 52 weeks.

Results: the studies reported significant improvements in cognitive domains, including memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions. Additionally, positive effects were observed on cerebral perfusion, gray matter volume, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key biomarker of neuroplasticity. These improvements were more evident in combined exercise protocols and at moderate to high intensities.

Conclusions: structured physical exercise represents an effective and accessible therapeutic strategy to promote brain health in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or at risk of dementia, providing both functional and biological benefits.

Author Biographies

Rocio Beatriz Bustos Barahona, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

Kinesiologist, Graduate in Kinesiology, Diploma in Manual Therapy, Diploma in Pedagogical Training in Higher Education, Master in Physical Education, mention in Physical Condition and Healthy Living

Eduardo Joel Cruzat Bravo , Saint Thomas Aquinas University

kinesiólogo. Magister en Educación. Doctorado en Desarrollo Humano.

Yoselyn Yudith Reyes Sanchez, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

Kinesiologa. Magister en Ejercicio Fisico y Salud

Mauricio Ernesto Tauda, Saint Thomas Aquinas University

Professor of Physical Education, Diploma in Exercise Physiology, Master in Exercise Clinical Physiology. Doctorate (c) in Physical Activity and Health.

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2025-07-06

How to Cite

Bustos Barahona, R. B., Cruzat Bravo , E. J. ., Reyes Sanchez, Y. Y. ., & Tauda, M. E. (2025). Physical exercise as a modulator of neuroplasticity and cognitive function: systematic review. Retos, 69, 911–928. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.111473

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Vol. 69 (2025)

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Theoretical systematic reviews and/or meta-analysis

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