Effects of outdoor high-intensity interval training by perceived exertion on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in older adults: a pilot study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.117303Keywords:
high-intensity intermittent exercise, arterial stiffness, cardio-vascular disease, agingAbstract
Introduction: High-intensity interval training promotes significant reductions in blood pressure among older adults with hypertension. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding its application in low-cost models that are feasible and scalable in everyday settings.
Purpose: This pilot study was conducted to examine the feasibility and preliminary effects of an outdoor high-intensity interval training program guided by perceived exertion on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in older adults with hypertension, thereby providing evidence to guide the design and implementation of a subsequent, larger-scale clinical trial.
Methods: Thirty-one participants (66±4 years; hypertension duration: 14±9 years) were randomized to a six-week intervention: Exercise group (n=18) or control (n=13). The exercise group performed three weekly outdoor sessions, progressing from four to eight 1-minute bouts at a perceived exertion of 7–8, interspersed with active recovery at 3–4. Heart rate and affective response (Feeling Scale) were monitored. The control group attended weekly health education sessions.
Results: Feasibility was assessed via consent (18.6%), retention (83.3%), adherence (89%), and adverse events (11.1% reported musculoskeletal issues). Participants trained at >75% Heart rate reserve and >85%, maximum heart rate with positive affective ratings. The HIIT group showed reductions in 24-hour systolic (-3 mmHg), diastolic (-2 mmHg), and nighttime systolic BP (-5 mmHg) (p<0.05). Nighttime diastolic BP (-3 mmHg) and augmentation index (-5.6%) also decreased, though not significantly.
Conclusion: In conclusion, an outdoor high-intensity interval training program based on perceived exertion is feasible for older adults with hypertension and may lead to clinically meaningful reductions in 24-hour ABP.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Beatriz F. Araújo, Francisco Dalton-Alves, Bruno Erick B. Lucena, Gabriel C. Souto, Daniele Samara D. Lopes, Carla B. T. Oliveira, Virna L. Sousa, Lucas Cavalcanti, Ludmila L. P. Cabral, Fernando Ribeiro, Rodrigo A. V. Browne, Eduardo Caldas Costa
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