Influence of player level on the relationship between stress control and tactical ability in tennis players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.117092Keywords:
Level of play, Stress management, Tactics, Tactical skills, TennisAbstract
Introduction: Tennis is one of the most widely practiced sports in the world, making it essential to understand the factors that contribute to optimal performance. among these, psychological and tactical components play a particularly relevant role under pressure.
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between stress management and tactical ability in tennis players, as well as the moderating role of the level of play.
Methodology: A total of 253 federated tennis players from different spanish clubs participated. validated questionnaires were used to assess stress control and tactical skills. hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test both main effects and moderation, using IBM SPSS STATISTICS (v27).
Results: Results showed that stress control significantly predicted tactical ability, especially in training contexts. furthermore, the level of play moderated this relationship, with expert players showing a stronger association between stress and tactical ability. significant differences in stress management were also found across playing levels, with expert players reporting greater control.
Discussion: These findings align with previous studies highlighting the role of emotional regulation in tactical performance. players with higher competitive experience tend to manage stress more effectively, which translates into improved tactical outcomes.
Conclusions: Training programmes that integrate psychological skill development alongside tactical components can enhance performance, especially when tailored to the player’s level of expertise.
References
Arnaud, J., Codou, O., & Palazzolo, J. (2012). Lien entre locus de contrôle et anxiété compétitive: Étude portant sur 150 joueurs de tennis de haut niveau. Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, 170(9), 642-647.
Barahona-Fuentes, G., & Huerta Ojeda, Á. (2019). Influencia de las habilidades psicológicas sobre los niveles de ansiedad y estrés en el deporte. Revista Educación las Américas, 9, 81–88. https://doi.org/10.35811/REA.V9I0.59
Casas-García, L. M., Moreno, M. P., Moreno, A., Iglesias, D., & Del Villar, F. (2008). Análisis de las diferencias en el conocimiento de los jugadores de tenis, en función del nivel de pericia de-portiva. European Journal of Human Movement, 21(21), 31–52.
Conde-Ripoll, R., Escudero-Tena, A., & Bustamante-Sánchez, Á. (2024). Pre and post-competitive anxie-ty and self-confidence and their relationship with technical-tactical performance in high-level men’s padel players. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1393980
Crespo, M., Martínez-Gallego, R., & Filipčić, A. (2024). Determining the tactical and technical level of competitive tennis players using a competency model: a systematic review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1406846
Donka, D. B., & Balogh, L. (2021). Comparative analysis of cognitive abilities stress tolerance and deci-sion-making process in novice and experienced athletes. Stadium - Hungarian Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.36439/shjs/2021/1/9458
Carreras Duaigües, J. C., & Giménez Fuentes-Guerra, J. (2010). Metodología de enseñanza utilizada en la enseñanza del tenis durante la etapa de iniciación (Methodology of education used in the education of the tennis during the stage of initiation). Retos, 18, 60–65. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i18.34654
Elferink-Gemser, M., Visscher, C., Lemmink, K., & Mulder, T. (2004). Relation between multidimension-al performance characteristics and level of performance in talented youth field hockey players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(11-12), 1053–1063. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410410001729991
Esposito, G., Ceruso, R., D’Elia, F., & D’Isanto, T. (2020). Performance anxiety: How to play reliable and rational tennis by reducing mental pressure. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15, 213–221. https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2020.15.PROC2.12
Fletcher, D., & Fletcher, J. (2005). A meta-model of stress, emotions and performance: Conceptual foundations, theoretical framework, and research directions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(2), 157-158.
Frazier, P.A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 115–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
García-González, L., Moreno, A., Moreno, M. P., Iglesias, D., & Del Villar, F. (2012). Tactical knowledge in tennis: a comparison of two groups with different levels of expertise. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 115(2), 567–580. https://doi.org/10.2466/30.10.25.PMS.115.5.567-580
García-González, L., Moreno, A., Gil, A., Moreno, M. P., & Villar, F. D. (2014). Effects of decision training on decision making and performance in young tennis players: An applied research. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(4), 426–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2014.917441
Gimeno, F., Buceta, J. M., & Pérez-Llanta, M. D. C. (2001). El cuestionario «características psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento deportivo» (CPRD): Características psicométricas (The “psy-chological characteristics related to sports performance” (CPRD) questionnaire: Psychometric characteristics). Análise Psicológica, 19(1), 93–113.
Gimeno, F., Buceta, J. M., & Pérez-Llantada, M. C. (2007). Influencia de las variables psicológicas en el deporte de competición: Evaluación mediante el cuestionario características psicológicas rela-cionadas con el rendimiento deportivo (Influence of psychological variables in competitive sports: Evaluation using the questionnaire psychological characteristics related to sports per-formance). Psicothema, 19(4), 667-672.
González Campos, G., Valdivia-Moral, P., Cachón Zagalaz, J., Zurita Ortega, F., & Romero-Ramos, O. (2017). Influencia del control del estrés en el rendimiento deportivo: la autoconfianza, la an-siedad y la concentración en deportistas (Influence of stress control in the sports performance: self-confidence, anxiety and concentration in athletes). Retos, 32, 3–6. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i32.50895
Janelle, C. M., & Hillman, C. H. (2003). Expert performance in sport: Current perspectives and critical issues. In J. L. Starkes & K. A. Ericson (ed.), Expert performance in sports: Advances in research on sport expertise (pp. 19–48). Human Kinetics.
Kolman, N. S., Kramer, T., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Huijgen, B. C., & Visscher, C. (2019). Technical and tactical skills related to performance levels in tennis: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(1), 108–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1483699
Koning, R. H. (2011). Home advantage in professional tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(1), 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.516762
Lange-Smith, S., Cabot, J., Coffee, P., Gunnell, K., & Tod, D. (2023). The efficacy of psychological skills training for enhancing performance in sport: A review of reviews. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 0(0), 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2023.2168725
Lutz, J., Memmert, D., Raabe, D., Dornberger, R., & Donath, L. (2020).. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010059
Navlet, M.R. (2012). Ansiedad, estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento en el ámbito deportivo: Un estu-dio centrado en la diferencia entre deportes (Doctoral thesis). Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
Newell, K. (1986). Newell K. Constraints on the development of coordination. In: MG Wade and HTA Whiting (ed) Motor development in children: aspects of coordination and control (pp.341–356). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R., Levy, A. R., Taylor, J., & Cobley, S. (2007). Stressors, coping, and coping ef-fectiveness: Gender, type of sport, and skill differences. Journal of sports sciences, 25(13), 1521-1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410701230479
Marzal, A. C., & Valenciano, R. (2022). Estudio descriptivo sobre el uso del auto-habla en tenistas profesionales (Descriptive study on the use of self-talk in professional tennis players). Retos, 45, 996-1001. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.93132
Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2009). Competition stress in sport performers: Stressors experienced in the competition environment. Journal of sports sciences, 27(7), 729-744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410902889834
Osorio, D. M., Isaza-Gómez, G. D., & Torres-Ortíz, J. D. (2023). Habilidades psicológicas básicas de un grupo de tenistas en formación de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali (Basic psychological skills of a group of tennis players in training from the city of Santiago de Cali). Retos, 50, 895-903. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.98480
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539–569. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
Puente-díaz, R., & Anshel, M. H. (2005). Sources of acute stress, cognitive appraisal, and coping strate-gies among highly skilled Mexican and U.S. competitive tennis players. Journal of Social Psy-chology, 145(4), 429–446. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.145.4.429-446
Real Federación Española de Tenis (2019, July 21). TenisXEtapas – Desarrollo del Jugador. https://tenisxetapas.rfet.es/
Sanchez-Mencia, E., Campos-Rius, J. & Borrajo-Mena, E. (2025). Design and validation of a question-naire for the assessment of tennis players’ tactical skills (TST). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2025.2488847
Singh, R. (2017). Stress role in sports performance of athlete’s. International Journal of Physical Educa-tion, Sports and Health, 4(3), 278–280.
Suárez, D., & Lorenzo, O. (2014). Factores psicológicos en tenis. Control del estrés y su relación con los parámetros fisiológicos [Psychological factors in tennis. Control of stress and its relation with physiological parameters]. Movimiento humano, 6, 11-30.
Taks, M., Green, B. C., Misener, L., & Chalip, L. (2014). Evaluating sport development outcomes: The case of a medium-sized international sport event. European Sport Management Quarterly, 14(3), 213–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2014.882370
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Eneko Sanchez Mencia, Josep Campos Rius, Erika Borrajo Mena

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.