Cultural narratives in movement: a sociocultural perspective on sports rehabilitation and physical therapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116937Keywords:
identity reconstruction, narrative inquiry, physical therapy, sociocultural rehabilitation, Cultural narratives, Narrativas culturales, reconstrucción de la identidad, indagación narrativa, fisioterapia, rehabilitación socioculturalAbstract
Introducción: La rehabilitación deportiva y la fisioterapia suelen abordarse desde una perspectiva biomédica, centrándose en la recuperación mecánica y las métricas clínicas. La recuperación es también un proceso profundamente cultural y social, moldeado por narrativas de identidad, poder y pertenencia. Las personas en rehabilitación se enfrentan no solo a limitaciones físicas, sino también a expectativas socioculturales relacionadas con el género, el idioma y las normas corporales. Comprender estas experiencias requiere un marco que capture la intersección del movimiento, el significado y la cultura.
Métodos: Se adoptó un enfoque de investigación narrativa cualitativa para explorar las experiencias vividas de 18 participantes, incluyendo atletas, pacientes crónicos y fisioterapeutas, en dos entornos urbanos de la India con diversidad cultural. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, diarios reflexivos y observaciones en espacios de rehabilitación clínica. El análisis temático se realizó con NVivo, guiado por la teoría sociocultural y de la corporeidad.
Resultados: Surgieron tres temas clave: Reconstrucción de la identidad corporal, que refleja la renegociación de la identidad corporal por parte de los participantes tras la lesión; Guiones y expectativas culturales, que revelan el impacto de las normas sociales, los roles de género y las barreras lingüísticas en la participación en la recuperación; y Poder y autonomía en la terapia, que destaca las variaciones en la agencia del paciente según la dinámica terapéutica. Los participantes que recibieron atención culturalmente sensible reportaron mayor resiliencia emocional y compromiso, mientras que quienes enfrentaron desconexión cultural o comunicativa expresaron sentimientos de desempoderamiento y desapego.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de prácticas de rehabilitación culturalmente receptivas y sensibles a la narrativa. Reconocer la recuperación como un proceso socialmente construido que redefine la identidad, moldeado por las expectativas culturales y las relaciones terapéuticas, puede mejorar la calidad de la atención. Los enfoques futuros deben priorizar la autonomía del paciente, la comunicación inclusiva y las estrategias con base cultural para fomentar entornos de recuperación más equitativos y eficaces.
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