Efeito do HIIT versus treino de resistência em marcadores de stress oxidativo

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.117408

Palavras-chave:

Stress oxidativo, treino intervalado de alta intensidade, treino contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT), malondialdeído, catalase, superóxido dismutase, adaptações fisiológicas, desempenho atlético

Resumo

Introdução. Para evitar ambiguidades conceptuais, neste estúdio o treino de resistência é designado por MICT, que reflete esforços sustentados de intensidade moderada (zona 2 do modelo trifásico de Seiler). Em mudança, o HIIT é classificado como exercício intermitente vigoroso (zona 3). Esta diferenciação é essencial para comparar as adaptações fisiológicas de ambas as modalidades (Seiler, 2010). O stress oxidativo, que surge do desequilíbrio entre a produção de espécies reativas de oxigénio (ROS) e a capacidade antioxidante, pode causar danos celulares e contribuir para doenças crónicas. São utilizados biomarcadores como o malondialdeído (MDA), a catalasa (CAT) e a superóxido dismutase (SOD) para avaliar este desequilíbrio. O exercício físico, especialmente o treino interválico de alta intensidade (HIIT) e o treino contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT), modula a homeostasia redox, mas os seus efeitos comparativos são pouco explorados.

Objetivo. Comparar os efeitos de um protocolo de HIIT face a um protocolo de treino contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT) nos marcadores de stress oxidativo (MDA, CAT, SOD) em atletas saudáveis, para melhorar a compreensão das adaptações físicas induzidas pelo exercício.

Metodologia. Veinte atletas varones sans (18–35 anos) foram aleatoriamente designados para dois grupos (MICT, n=10; HIIT, n=10) e seguiram um protocolo de treino de 4 semanas (3 sessões/semana, 60–80% do VO₂máx). Os níveis de MDA, CAT e SOD são medidos através de colorimetria antes e depois do exercício no início e no final do programa. Foi utilizada uma ANOVA de medidas repetidas para avaliar os efeitos do exercício, do programa de treino e das suas interações, com um nível de significância de p<0,05.

Resultados. Ambas as modalidades de treino aumentaram a atividade da CAT (MICT: +5,4% em repouso, +10,0% pós-exercício; HIIT: +6,4% em repouso, +11,0% pós-exercício) sem diferenças intergrupais. Os níveis de SOD aumentaram no grupo MICT em repouso (+5,3%) e pós-exercício (+6,0%), mas apenas pós-exercício no grupo HIIT (+8,4%). Os níveis de MDA diminuíram em repouso em ambos os grupos (MICT: -15,2%; HIIT: -17,3%) e pós-ejercicio no grupo HIIT (-13,0%), mas não no grupo MICT pós-ejercicio.

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Publicado

11-09-2025

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Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

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Nizar, L., & Madani, M. (2025). Efeito do HIIT versus treino de resistência em marcadores de stress oxidativo. Retos, 71, 1033-1044. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.117408