Intervenções comunitárias baseadas na atividade física para a prevenção de doenças relacionadas com o estilo de vida em poblações de baixa entrada: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.117291Palavras-chave:
Intervenções baseadas na comunidade, atividade física, doenças do estilo de vida, populações de baixo rendimento, promoção da saúde, doenças não transmissíveis, saúde pública, prevençãoResumo
Enquadramento: As doenças relacionadas com o estilo de vida, como as doenças cardiovasculares, a diabetes tipo 2 e a obesidade, afetam desproporcionalmente as populações de baixo rendimento, aumentando as desigualdades na saúde a nível mundial. As intervenções comunitárias baseadas na actividade física (ICAF) representam uma estratégia promotora de saúde pública para abordar estes riscos.
Objectivo: Esta revisão sistemática avalia a eficácia do ICAF na prevenção de doenças relacionadas com o estilo de vida em populações de baixo ingresso, e identifica facilitadores e barreiras à sua implementação.
Métodos: Seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA e o quadro PECOS, foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática em sete bases de dados (2010–2025) para identificar estúdios que avaliaram o ICAF em populações não atendidas. Inclui ensaios aleatorizados, quase experimentais e estudos controlados não aleatorizados.
Resultados: Se incluíram 23 estúdios. A maioria apresentou um aumento da atividade física, melhoria dos hábitos de vida e reduções do IMC e da HbA1C. As intervenções mais eficazmente foram teóricas, culturalmente adaptadas e multicomponentes, inovadoras em grupos, escolas ou através de trabalhadores comunitários. Os facilitadores chave incluem o compromisso comunitário e o apoio institucional. As principais barreiras foram a limitada infra-estrutura, os factores socioeconómicos e o seguimento a curto espaço. Poucos estúdios avaliam a rentabilidade.
Conclusão: A ICAF pode reduzir eficazmente os factores de risco de doenças não transmissíveis em populações de baixa entrada, especialmente se for adaptada ao contexto. É necessária mais investigação para avaliar a solidez, o impacto económico e a equidade.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Sadaf Farooqui, Mohd Faiyaz Khan, Vidya Devanathadesikan Seshadri, Faris F. Aba Alkhayl, Adil Abalkhail, Naseem Akhtar, Thameer Ghassab J Alruwaili, Abdullah Ghurman Alamri, Nawaf Hamood Albalawi, Mohammad Rashid
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