Comparing the immunological and physiological effects between high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training in physically inactive adults

Muhammad Zuhaili Suhaimi; Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad; Chee Keong Chen; Foong Kiew Ooi; Marylin Li Yin Ong; Rabiu Muazu Musa

doi:10.47197/retos.v70.115308

Autores

Muhammad Zuhaili Suhaimi 1.Centre for Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MALAYSIA. 2.Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MALAYSIA.
Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-6382
Chee Keong Chen
Foong Kiew Ooi
Marylin Li Yin Ong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-8370
Rabiu Muazu Musa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5332-1770

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.115308

Palavras-chave:

Saúde óssea, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, treino físico, função imunológica

Resumo

Introdução: O treino intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) e o treino contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT) são métodos de exercício eficazes para melhorar a aptidão física e a saúde em indivíduos saudáveis. No entanto, a investigação sobre o seu impacto nas respostas imunitárias e no metabolismo ósseo em adultos fisicamente inativos é limitada.

Objectivo: Investigar os efeitos do HIIT e do MICT nas respostas imunitárias, nos marcadores do metabolismo ósseo e em determinados parâmetros fisiológicos em adultos fisicamente inactivos.

Metodologia: Trinta e seis adultos fisicamente inativos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos, foram aleatoriamente designados para os grupos HIIT, MICT ou controlo (n = 12 em cada grupo). O grupo HIIT realizou duas séries de 6 a 8 repetições de corrida de 30 segundos a 85 a 95% da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmáx), três vezes por semana. O grupo MICT correu durante 30 minutos a 55 a 70% da FCmáx, também três vezes por semana, enquanto o grupo de controlo não fez exercício. Foram recolhidas amostras de sangue e saliva antes e após uma intervenção de 8 semanas.

Resultados: Tanto o HIIT como o MICT aumentaram significativamente os níveis de lisozima salivar em comparação com o valor basal (p < 0,05), mas não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p > 0,05). A contagem total de leucócitos e os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo não apresentaram alterações significativas entre os grupos. O consumo máximo de oxigénio melhorou apenas no grupo HIIT (p < 0,05).

Discussão: A melhoria da resposta imunitária após o HIIT e o MICT pode ser atribuída a alterações hormonais resultantes da produção de radicais livres durante o exercício extenuante.

Conclusões: Tanto o HIIT como o MICT melhoram as respostas imunitárias sem afetar os marcadores do metabolismo ósseo. O HIIT parece ser mais eficaz do que o MICT na melhoria do VO2 máximo em adultos fisicamente inativos.

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