Análisis de los programas de salud y bienestar y su relación con las lesiones en jugadores de fútbol y futsal: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.110486Palabras clave:
Lesiones, salud mental, fútbol, futsal, jóvenesResumen
Introducción: El fútbol y el futsal están asociados con un alto riesgo de lesiones luego, con el desarrollo de problemas de salud mental. Aunque existen programas de salud y bienestar para reducir lesiones, la literatura aún los explora poco, por lo que su efectividad sigue siendo incierta.
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar una revisión sistemática sobre los efectos de los programas de salud y bienestar sobre la incidencia de lesiones en atletas de fútbol y futsal.
Metodología: Se buscaron estudios en PubMed, EBSCO y Web of Science. La literatura seleccionada se basó en programas de salud y bienestar aplicados a jugadores de fútbol y, después de su implementación, se examinó la diferencia en la incidencia de lesiones. Se seleccionaron estudios que utilizaron un diseño experimental para comparar a los atletas antes y después de la intervención.
Resultados: Siete estudios se clasificaron como de buena calidad metodológica, mientras que cuatro se clasificaron como de calidad moderada y uno como de calidad pobre. De un total de 329, 12 estudios fueron seleccionados según los criterios de elegibilidad.
Conclusiones: Los diferentes estudios abordaron varios tipos de programas (e.g., Mindfulness, Terapia de inoculación del estrés y biorretroalimentación, Psicología y fisioterapia, Yoga). Los programas redujeron la incidencia de lesiones deportivas en fútbol, mejoraron el rendimiento individual y de equipo y redujeron la tensión muscular. Sin embargo, la investigación es escasa y se necesitan más estudios.
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