A eficácia do exercício aeróbio na melhoria da qualidade do sono em adultos com diversas condições de saúde: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.109238Palavras-chave:
Exercício aeróbico, qualidade do sono, condições de saúde, saúde mental, qualidade de vidaResumo
Introducción. El ejercicio aeróbico fue reconocido como una posible intervención no farmacológica para mejorar la calidad del sonido, especialmente en poblaciones con diversas afecciones, como depresión, obesidad, síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP), insonia, dependencia de sustancias, cáncer de mama, dispepsia funcional, menstruación y perturbaciones. mentais.
Objetivo. Este estudio evalúa el impacto del ejercicio aeróbico en la calidad de los niños en adultos con diversas características a través de una revisión sistemática y de un metanálisis.
Metodología. Se utilizó un abordaje sistemático para recompilar y evaluar la literatura de las bases de datos Scopus y WoS, centrandose en los estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2024. Un metanálisis realizado a través de un modelo de efectos aleatorios para considerar la variabilidad entre los estudios, y la heterogeneidad de la mediada por la tentativa Q e I².
Resultados. Los resultados muestran que el ejercicio aeróbico mejora significativamente la calidad del sonido, dependiendo de la medición del Índice de Calidad del Sonido de Pittsburgh (PSQI), con una Diferencia de Medio Padrón (DME) de -0,69 (IC de 95%: -1,11, -0,27). Sin embargo, el elevado nivel de heterogeneidad (I² = 91%) indica una variación significativa entre los estudios, probablemente debido a las diferencias en la metodología, la población de demostración, el tipo de ejercicio aeróbico y la duración de la intervención. O exercício aeróbico no solo melhora a qualidade do sono, mas também tem efeitos positivos na qualidade de vida e no bem-estar psicológico. Diversos estudios têm reportado reduções nos síntomas de depresión y ansiedade, bem como melhorias na qualidade de vida.
Discusión. Estos hallazgos apoyan la utilización del ejercicio aeróbico como parte de una estrategia integral de gestión de la salud para mejorar la calidad del sonido y la salud mental en adultos con diversas afecciones. Serán necesarias más investigaciones con proyectos más homogéneos, intervenciones de mayor duración y utilización de herramientas de medicina objetiva para fortalecer la evidencia científica existente. Este estudio tiene una contribución significativa a la literatura existente y ofrece nuevos conocimientos para profesionales de la salud en la concepción de programas de ejercicio holístico y basados en evidencias.
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