A teoria da autodeterminação como estrutura para a compreensão do esgotamento do atleta: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.115775Palavras-chave:
Esgotamento do atleta, teoria das necessidades psicológicas básicas, motivação, teoria da integração organísmica, teoria da autodeterminação, revisão sistemáticaResumo
Introdução: Os desportos de alto rendimento implicam exigências importantes para os deportistas, que exigem uma avaliação exaustiva dos fatores que influenciam tanto a sua saúde mental e como o seu rendimento.
Objectivo: Este estudo pretende analisar a etiologia da síndrome de burnout nos deportistas através da Teoria da Autodeterminação, com o objectivo de sintetizar a evidência empírica sobre este tema.
Metodologia: Reveja dois estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2024, provenientes de diversos contextos internacionais, como a China, França, Irlanda, Malásia, Singapura, Espanha e Reino Unido. A maioria dos estúdios emprega projetos transversais (62,5%) e abordagens quantitativas (75%).
Resultados: O Athlete Burnout Questionnaire foi o instrumento mais utilizado, enquanto as aplicações da Teoria da Autodeterminação se baseavam sobretudo na Teoria da Integração Organísmica e na Teoria das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas.
Discussão: Os resultados indicam que o burnout nos deportistas está intimamente associado à motivação autodeterminada e à satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas, desmarcando o papel mediador da satisfação dessas necessidades na prevenção do burnout.
Conclusões: Estes resultados fundamentam a importância de implementar intervenções que potenciem a motivação autodeterminada e a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas, para mitigar o risco de burnout nos deportistas.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Cristina De Francisco, Rosa Ana Llames, Claudia Scurtu, Rosa Tinoco, M. Rocío Bohórquez
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