Comparación del grado de especificidad de dos microciclos de entrenamiento en fútbol correspondientes a un equipo profesional y a un equipo en formación (Comparing two training microcycles’ degree of specificity in professional versus in-formation tea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i32.50606Keywords:
Fútbol, estrategias de intervención, transferencia entrenamiento-competición (Football, intervention strategies, training-competition transfer)Abstract
En el presente artículo se plantea un estudio de caso descriptivo, en el cual se establece un análisis comparativo del grado de especificidad que presentan dos microciclos de entrenamiento pertenecientes a dos equipos de diferente nivel competitivo (profesional vs. formación). Para ello, se ha construido un novedoso instrumento de evaluación del grado de especificidad que presentan las tareas, sesiones y microciclos de entrenamiento en el fútbol, denominado Escala de Especificidad del Entrenamiento en el Fútbol (E.E.E.F.), fundamentado en una interpretación más amplia y compleja del concepto de especificidad: sincrónica, contextual y funcional (Castelo, 2009; Vales, Arce, Miñano & García, 2012; Vales 2012). Su estructura interna se configura a partir de cuatro niveles de especificidad: bajo, moderado, elevado y máximo, en base a la aplicación de tres índices de medida originales: Índice de Especificidad de las Tareas (I.E.T.), Índice de Especificidad de las Sesiones (I.E.S.) e Índice de Especificidad de los Microciclos (I.E.M.). Los datos obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que los modelos de entrenamiento aplicados por ambos equipos analizados se desarrollan bajo unas pautas metodológicas caracterizadas por una especificidad media-alta, observándose un mayor grado de especificidad en las tareas, sesiones y microciclos de entrenamiento en el equipo profesional (5,2 puntos ± 2,3), en comparación al equipo de formación (4,3 puntos ± 0,4). En su conjunto, los resultados registrados pueden considerarse relevantes para futuros estudios de intervención, así como para el establecimiento de estrategias optimizadoras de los procesos de planificación del entrenamiento en fútbol.
Abstract. This paper presents a descriptive case study, which establishes a comparative analysis of the level of specificity between two microcycles carried out by two teams at different competition level (professional versus in-formation). A new instrument, the Specificity of Football Training Scale (SFTS), was created for assessing tasks specificity, sessions and training microcycles in football. SFTS is based on an broader and more complex interpretation of the concept of specificity: synchronous, contextual and functional (Castelo, 2009; Vales, Arce, Miñano & García, 2012; Vales 2012). Its internal structure is conformed by four levels of specificity: low, moderate, high and maximum, based on the application of three original measurement indices: Specificity Index of Tasks (SIT), Specificity Index of Sessions (SIS), and Specificity Index of Microcycles (SIM). Data show that training models applied by both teams are developed under methodological guidelines characterized by a medium-high specificity, the professional team showing greater degree of specificity in training tasks, sessions and microcycles (5,2 ± 2,3 points) compared to the in-formation team (4,3 ± 0,4 points). Our overall results can be considered relevant for future intervention studies, as well as for establishing strategies to optimize football training planning processes.
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