Action research in Physical Education teacher training: perceptions of its impact on professional performance

Authors

  • Claudio Hinojosa-Torres Universidad Andres Bello
  • Sybil Foxon-Schultz Universidad Andres Bello
  • Lissette Cerda-Miranda Universidad Andres Bello
  • Javiera Soto-Meneses Universidad Andres Bello
  • Dilan Galeano-Rojas Universidad de Granada
  • Pedro Valdivia-Moral Universidad de Granada
  • Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton Universidad Andres Bello
  • Macarena Hurtado-Guerrero Colegio SSCC Padres Franceses, Chile

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.117114

Keywords:

Teaching competencies, higher education, pedagogical intervention, continuous improvement, problem solving

Abstract

Introduction: Initial teacher education represents a key process in developing pedagogical knowledge, enabling future teachers to face the challenges of the school context. In this regard, integrating inquiry-based methodologies, such as action research, becomes essential for fostering critical reflection and developing contextually relevant responses to the issues that arise in educational practice.

Objective: To analyze the influence of the learning acquired through the action-research methodology during the initial Physical Education training on the school system's current professional performance.

Methodology: A qualitative approach with an interpretative design was employed. Online interviews were conducted with 30 graduates from Universidad Andrés Bello (Chile), belonging to the last three cohorts (2022, 2023, and 2024) who completed the Thesis Seminar course. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, considering their experience in this course and current school system employment.

Results: The findings reveal a positive and sustained influence of this formative experience, reflected in an enhanced ability to address pedagogical challenges, a proactive attitude toward continuous improvement, and a strengthened capacity to seek emerging responses in teaching practice through action research.

Conclusions: Action research emerges as an effective pedagogical strategy that positively impacts initial teacher education, fostering a reflective and critical attitude that endures throughout professional teaching practice.

Author Biographies

  • Claudio Hinojosa-Torres, Universidad Andres Bello

    Profesor de Educación Física. Licenciado en Educación (UPLA). Magíster en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (UPLA). Doctor en Educación (UPLA). Investigador y Docente Regular Carrera Pedagogía en Educación Física Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.

  • Sybil Foxon-Schultz, Universidad Andres Bello

    Profesora de Educación Física (PUVC). Magíster en Liderazgo y Gestión en Administración Educacional (UNAB). Docente Adjunto Carrera Pedagogía en Educación Física Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar.

  • Lissette Cerda-Miranda, Universidad Andres Bello

    Profesora Educación Física. Licenciada en Educación (UMCE). Magíster en Salud y Bienestar Humano  (UMCE). Docente Regular Carrera Pedagogía en Educación Física Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago (Chile).

  • Javiera Soto-Meneses, Universidad Andres Bello

    Profesora de Educación Física. Licenciada en Educación (UNAB). Magíster en Entrenamiento Deportivo (UMAYOR). Ingeniera Comercial (UNAB). Docente Regular Carrera Pedagogía en Educación Física Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago (Chile).

  • Dilan Galeano-Rojas, Universidad de Granada

    Licenciado en Deporte, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Colombia). Máster Universitario en Investigación en Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad de Granada (España). Doctor © en Educación. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Granada (España).

  • Pedro Valdivia-Moral, Universidad de Granada

    Licenciado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Especialista Universitario en Educación y Animación Deportiva. Máster en Educación Física y Salud. Doctor en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (U. de Jaén). Doctor en Ciencias de la Educación (U. de Granada). Profesor titular en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Granada (España).

  • Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton, Universidad Andres Bello

    Profesor de Educación Física (PUCV). Magíster en Nutrición (U. Chile). Doctor en Biomedicina (U. Granada). Director de Carrera Pedagogía en Educación Física Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.

  • Macarena Hurtado-Guerrero, Colegio SSCC Padres Franceses, Chile

    Profesora de Educación Física. Licenciada en Educación (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile). Magíster en Evaluación Educacional (Universidad de Playa Ancha, Chile). Profesora y Jefa del Departamento de Educación Física del Colegio Sagrados Corazones Padres Franceses (Viña del Mar, Chile). Entrenadora de Gimnasia del Colegio Colegio Sagrados Corazones Padres Franceses (Viña del Mar, Chile).

References

Abbott, P., Dasuki, S., & Jiménez, A. (2024). The 4Rs: A collective reflexive methodology for realising critical self‐transformation in ICT4D research practice. Information Systems Journal, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12561

Aga, F. (2024). Teachers’ Doing Action Research, Learning and Changing: Claims and Practicality. i.e.: inquiry in education: Vol. 16: Issue 1, Article 2. https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/ie/vol16/iss1/2

Amenabar, A., & Pontillas, P. (2024). Action Research Capabilities and Challenges: Basis for Research Enhancement Plan. American Journal of Arts and Human Science, 3(3), 150–170. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajahs.v3i3.3086

Aspasia, D., Chrysoula, N., Panagiotis, S., & Georgios, L. (2017). Physical education teachers′ Action Research on Teaching Games for understanding. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n2p105

Avila, L., Frison, L., & Simão, A. (2020). Pesquisa-ação na formação em educação física: promoção do trabalho colaborativo. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 24. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-35392020193342

Berikkhanova, A., Sapargaliyeva, B., Ibraimova, Z., Sarsenbayeva, L., Assilbayeva, F., Baidildinova, D., & Wilson, E. (2023). Conceptualising the Integration of Action Research into the Practice of Teacher Education Universities in Kazakhstan. Education Sciences, 13(10), 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13101034

Berku, D. (2025). Bridging the gap in action research in education: A comprehensive framework for future practice. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2025.2508862

Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member Checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation?: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802–1811. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316654870

Boateng, G., Neilands, T., Frongillo, E., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., & Young, S. (2018). Best practices for de-veloping and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149

Bolívar, R. (2019). Investigar la práctica pedagógica en la formación inicial de maestros. Pedagogía y Saberes, 51,9-22. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/13901

Brasó, J., & Torrebadella, X. (2016). Investigación-acción y método de proyectos en educación física: organización de un torneo de marro. Estudios Pedagógicos (Valdivia), 42(2), 21-37. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052016000200002

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Calderhead, J. (1989). Reflective teaching and teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 5(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051x(89)90018-8

Casey, A., Dyson, B., & Campbell, A. (2009). Action research in physical education: focusing beyond myself through cooperative learning. Educational Action Research, 17(3), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650790903093508

Chavez, J., Faure, J., & Barril, J. P. (2021). The construction of teachers’ professional identity: An analy-sis of subjective learning experiences. European Journal of Teacher Education, 46(2), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1905627

Chiva-Bartoll, Ò., Capella, C., & Pallarès, M. (2017). Investigación-acción sobre un programa de apren-dizaje-servicio en la didáctica de la educación física. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 36(1), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.36.1.270581

Cirocki, A., Indrarathne, B., & Calderón, V. (2024). Effectiveness of professional development training on reflective practice and action research: a case study from Ecuador. Reflective Practice, 25(5), 676–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2024.2384124

Cochran-Smith, M., & Lytle, S. (2009). Inquiry as stance: Practitioner research for the next generation. Teachers College Press

Creswell, J. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications

Dahal, N., Neupane, B., Pant, B., Dhakal, R., Giri, D., Ghimire, P., & Bhandari, L. (2024). Participant selec-tion procedures in qualitative research: experiences and some points for consideration. Fron-tiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 9, 1512747. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2024.1512747

Darling-Hammond, L. (2006). Powerful Teacher Education. Lessons from Exemplary Programs. Estudi-os sobre Educación, 12, 167. https://doi.org/10.15581/004.12.25329

Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective Teacher Professional Development. Learning Policy Institute

Dyson, B., & Casey, A. (2012). Cooperative learning in physical education: a research-based approach. Routledge

Efron, S., & Ravid, R. (2020). Action research in education: A practical guide (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press

Ennis, C. (2017). Educating Students for a Lifetime of Physical Activity: Enhancing Mindfulness, Motiva-tion, and Meaning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2017.1342495

Engelbertink, M., Colomer, J., Woudt- Mittendorff, K., Alsina, Á., Kelders, S., Ayllón, S., & Westerhof, G. (2020). The reflection level and the construction of professional identity of university students. Reflective Practice, 22(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2020.1835632

Evans, E. (2010). Orientaciones metodológicas para la investigación-acción: propuesta para la mejora de la práctica pedagógica. Editorial SIGRAF

Feldman, A., Altricher, H., Posch, P., & Somekh, B. (2005). Teachers investigate their work: An introduc-tion to action research across the professions. Routledge

Ferencová, J., Pirohová, I., Šuťáková, V., & Miňová, M. (2025). Development of Teacher’s Professional Competence through Action Research as a Form of Professional Development. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 53, 128-143. https://doi.org/10.15388/ActPaed.2024.53.9

Fernández, M., & Johnson, D. (2015). Investigación-acción en formación de profesores: Desarrollo his-tórico, supuestos epistemológicos y diversidad metodológica. Psicoperspectivas, 14(3), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol14-Issue3-fulltext-626

Fernández-Salinero, C. (2006). Las competencias en el marco de la convergencia europea: Un nuevo concepto para el diseño de programas educativos. Encounters in Theory and History of Educa-tion, 7. https://doi.org/10.24908/eoe-ese-rse.v7i0.603

Fierro, C., Fortoul, B., & Rosas, L. (2003). Transformando la práctica docente: una propuesta basada en la investigación-acción (2ª ed.). Editorial Paidós

Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research (6th ed.). SAGE Publications

Fraile, A., & Romo, C. (1991). Investigación-acción en la educación física. RIFOP: Revista interuniversi-taria de formación del profesorado. (10), 225-236. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=117744

Fraile, A. (1995). La investigación-acción: instrumento de formación para el profesorado de educación física. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 42, 46-54. https://revista-apunts.com/la-investigacion-accion-instrumento-de-formacion-para-el-profesorado-de-educacion-fisica/

Francisco, S., Forssten, A., & Olin, A. (2024). Action research as professional learning in and through practice. Professional Development in Education, 50(3), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2024.2338445

Fusch, P., & Ness, L. (2015). Are We There Yet? Data Saturation in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 20(9), 1408-1416. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2281

Gómez, A. (2022). Influencia de un seminario de investigación-acción en el pensamiento del profeso-rado de educación física. Estudio de un caso. Acción Motriz, 4(1), 18–24. https://www.accionmotriz.com/index.php/accionmotriz/article/view/23

Gómez-Rijo, A., Jiménez-Jiménez, F., & Sánchez-López, C. R. (2015). Desarrollo de la Autonomía del Alumnado de Primaria en Educación Física a través de un proceso de investigación-acción. (Development of Autonomy of Elementary Students in Physical Education through a process of action research). Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 11(42), 310–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.04201

Gravett, S. (2004). Action research and transformative learning in teaching development. Educational Action Research, 12(2), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/09650790400200248

Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications

Guest, G., Namey, E., & Chen, M. (2020) A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLOS ONE 15(5): e0232076. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076

Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). ¿Cuántas entrevistas son suficientes? Un experimento con saturación y variabilidad de datos. Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903

Gutiérrez, P. (2018). Modelo educativo y desafíos en la formación docente. Horizonte de la ciencia, 8(15), 175–191. https://revistas.uncp.edu.pe/index.php/horizontedelaciencia/article/view/275

Hershkovitz, A. (2015). Data-driven instruction in the classroom. Technology, Instruction, Cognition & Learning, 10(2), 81-84.

Hine, G. (2013). The importance of action research in teacher education programs. Issues in Education-al Research, 23(2), 151–163. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.354483461821862

Kirk, D. (2009). Physical Education Futures (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203874622

Kolajo, Y. (2025). Advancing pedagogical excellence through reflective teaching practice and adapta-tion. Reflective Practice, 1(16). https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2025.2504143

Latorre, A. (2003). La investigación–acción: conocer y cambiar la práctica educativa. (1ª edición) Edi-torial Graó

Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. The Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x

López-Gutiérrez, C., & Romero-Cerezo, C. (2013). La investigación acción en la formación del profeso-rado de educación física: estudio de casos durante la intervención docente en el prácticum. Co-nect@2, Revista Digital de Investigación Educativa, 7(3), 43-68.

Lynch, D., Vo, H., Yeigh, T., Marcoionni, T., Madden, J., & Turner, D. (2025). Action research communities as a whole-of-school teaching improvement initiative: a multi-method multi-informant study. Australian Educational Researcher, 52, 1133–1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-024-00756-7

Manfra, M. (2019). Action Research and Systematic, Intentional Change in Teaching Practice. Review of Research in Education, 43(1), 163-196. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X18821132

Mertler, C. (2017). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators (5th ed.). SAGE Publi-cations.

Mertler, C. (2021). Action Research as Teacher Inquiry: A Viable Strategy for Resolving Problems of Practice. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 26(19), 1-12. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol26/iss1/19

Mohamed, M., Rashid, R., & Alqaryouti, M. (2022). Conceptualizing the complexity of reflective practice in education. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1008234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1008234

Muñoz, M., & Garay, F. (2015). La investigación como forma de desarrollo profesional docente: Retos y perspectivas. Estudios Pedagógicos (Valdivia), 41(2), 389-399. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052015000200023

Noreña, A., Alcaraz-Moreno, N., Rojas, J., & Rebolledo-Malpica, D. (2012). Aplicabilidad de los criterios de rigor y éticos en la investigación cualitativa. Aquichan, 12(3), 263-274. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1657-59972012000300006&lng=en&tlng=es.

Nowell, L., Norris, J., White, D., & Moules, N. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustwor-thiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Palinkas, L., Horwitz, S., Green, C., Wisdom, J., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Admin-istration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y

Parkhouse, H., Gorlewski, J., Senechal, J., & Lu, C. (2021). Ripple Effects: How Teacher Action Research on Culturally Relevant Education Can Promote Systemic Change. Action in Teacher Educa-tion, 43(4), 411–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2021.1896395

Patton, M. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications

Pedraza-González, M. A., & López-Pastor, V. M. (2015). Investigación-acción, desarrollo profesional del profesorado de educación física y escuela rural (Action-Research, Professional Development of the Physical Education Teachers in Rural Schools). Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, 57, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2015.57.001

Peralta, F., & Cass, M. (2023). Action research in the field of education. A Strategy for Professional Devel-opment and Change. Universidad de Colima. https://doi.org/10.53897/li.2023.0011.ucol

Perrenoud, P. (2006). Construir competencias desde la escuela. Ediciones Noreste

Phillips, D., & Carr, K. (2010). Becoming a Teacher through Action Research: Process, Context, and Self-Study (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203861776

Pitsoe, V., & Maila, M. (2013). Re-thinking teacher professional development through Schön’s reflective practice and situated learning lenses. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 4(3), 211. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n3p211

Price, J. (2001). Investigación-acción, pedagogía y cambio: El potencial transformador de la investiga-ción-acción en la formación inicial del profesorado. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 33(1), 43–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220270118039

Saeb, F., Nejadansari, D., & Moinzadeh, A. (2021). The Impact of Action Research on Teacher Profes-sional Development: Perspectives from Iranian EFL Teachers. Teaching English Language, 15(2), 265-297. https://doi.org/ 10.22132/TEL.2021.143114

Saldaña, J. (2021). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (4th ed.). SAGE Publications

Sela, O., & Harel, M. (2012). El rol de la formación docente en la introducción de la investigación-acción en el sistema educativo: Un estudio de caso de una facultad de educación. Temas Actua-les en Educación , 15(2). https://cie.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/cieatasu/article/view/897

Schön, D. (1992). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315237473

Sharma, A., Jamal, N., Verma, M., Jain, N., & Muthukumar, E. (2024). The Role of Reflective Practice in Teacher Education: A Comprehensive Review. European Economic Letters (EEL), 14(2), 1157–1166. https://doi.org/10.52783/eel.v14i2.1451

Shulman, L. (1987). Knowledge and teaching:Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.57.1.j463w79r56455411

Summers, D. (2023). Teachers’ use of assessment data to improve student achievement. Literature Re-views in Education and Human Services, 2(2), 21-49.

Tardif, M. (2004). Los saberes del docente y su desarrollo profesional. (1ª edición). Narcea

Villa, A., & Poblete, M. (coords.) (2007). Aprendizaje basado en competencias: una propuesta para la evaluación de las competencias genéricas. Ediciones Mensajero

Whitehead, J. (1989). How do we Improve Research‐based Professionalism in Education? ‐ A question which includes action research, educational theory and the politics of educational knowledge. British Educational Research Journal, 15(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192890150101

World Medical Association. (2024). World medical association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical princi-ples for medical research involving human participants: Ethical principles for medical research involving human participants. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21972

Zuber-Skerritt, O., Dick, B., Farquhar, M., Hall, S., Kalliath, T., Laske, S., Murphy, J., Santos, D., & Teare, R. (2009). Development of Action Learning and Action Research as a Field and Network. Action Learning and Action Research (pp.23-24). Ed. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789087909543_003

Downloads

Published

17-09-2025

Issue

Section

Didactic experiences developed and investigated with empirical work

How to Cite

Hinojosa-Torres, C., Foxon-Schultz, S., Cerda-Miranda, L., Soto-Meneses, J., Galeano-Rojas, D., Valdivia-Moral, P., Zavala-Crichton, J. P., & Hurtado-Guerrero, M. (2025). Action research in Physical Education teacher training: perceptions of its impact on professional performance. Retos, 72, 688-705. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.117114