Equation for player load control of training with GPS in a high-performance soccer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106632Keywords:
GPS, sprint, external load, load control, performance, load monitoringAbstract
Background: load management during competition and training is essential to achieve maximum performance in soccer players while also helping to reduce the risk of injury. External load is determined by the relationship between volume and intensity. Volume is the overall amount of effort exerted in an activity, whereas intensity describes the level of effort per unit of action or time. Objective: to analyse the variables proposed in an equation for controlling the external load and the variations that occur depending on the selection of their reference values. Subjects: nineteen high-level U23 soccer players (22.5 ± 1.8 years). Method: A total of 77 records from 11 official matches on the Olympic circuit were analysed. The external load was calculated from volume and intensity values based on the parameters total distance (TD), distance at high intensities (HID), number of accelerations and decelerations (AcDc) and number of sprints (Nsp). Factors of equation estimated from general and individual references were compared. Results: The calculation of the total external load using general values was significantly lower than with individual values (73.7±16.5 vs. 82.4±13.5), as was the volume (71.5±15 .6 vs. 81.6±13.4) and intensity (74.8±17.2 vs. 81.8±13.5). Conclusions: important differences were observed depending on the reference values considered. General values may be optimal when aiming to raise the group level and compare players, but individualization of the reference values is essential for the correct control and adjustment of the training load.
Key words: soccer training, sprint, external load, load monitoring.
References
Aquino, R., Gonçalves, L. G., Galgaro, M., Maria, T. S., Rostaiser, E., Pastor, A., Nobari, H., Garcia, G. R., Moraes-Neto, M. V., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2021). Match running performance in Brazilian professional soccer players: Com-parisons between successful and unsuccessful teams. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00324-x
Baptista, I., Johansen, D., Seabra, A., & Pettersen, S. A. (2018). Position specific player load during match-play in a professional football club. PLOS ONE, 13(5), e0198115. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198115
Bishop, D., Girard, O., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011). Repeated-Sprint Ability – Part II: Recommendations for Training. Sports Medicine, 41(9), 741-756. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000
Bradley, P. S. (2024). ‘Setting the Benchmark’ Part 1: The Contextualised Physical Demands of Positional Roles in the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. Biology of Sport, 41(1), 261-270. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.131090
Clemente, F. M., Owen, A., Serra-Olivares, J., Nikolaidis, P. T., Van Der Linden, C. M. I., & Mendes, B. (2019). Characterization of the Weekly External Load Profile of Professional Soccer Teams from Portugal and the Nether-lands. Journal of Human Kinetics, 66(1), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0054
Clemente, F. M., Seerden, G., & Van Der Linden, C. M. I. (2019). Quantifying the physical loading of five weeks of pre-season training in professional soccer teams from Dutch and Portuguese leagues. Physiology & Behavior, 209, 112588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112588
Díez, A., Lozano, D., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., Mainer-Pardos, E., Castillo, D., Torrontegui-Duarte, M., Nobari, H., Jaén-Carrillo, D., & Lampre, M. (2021). Influence of contextual factors on physical demands and technical-tactical actions regarding playing position in professional soccer players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 157. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00386-x
Djaoui, L., Owen, A., Newton, M., Theodoros Nikolaidis, P., Dellal, A., & Chamari, K. (2022). Effects of congested match periods on acceleration and deceleration profiles in professional soccer. Biology of Sport, 39(2), 307-317. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.103725
Gabbett, T. J. (2016). The training—injury prevention paradox: Should athletes be training smarter and harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788
Girard, O., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Bishop, D. (2011). Repeated-Sprint Ability – Part I: Factors Contributing to Fa-tigue. Sports Medicine, 41(8), 673-694. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590550-000000000-00000
Goss-Sampson, Mark (2019). Statistical Analysis in JASP - A Students Guide v0.10.2. figshare. Book. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9980744.v1
Gualtieri, A., Rampinini, E., Dello Iacono, A., & Beato, M. (2023). High-speed running and sprinting in professional adult soccer: Current thresholds definition, match demands and training strategies. A systematic review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1116293. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1116293
Haugen, T., Seiler, S., Sandbakk, Ø., & Tønnessen, E. (2019). The Training and Development of Elite Sprint Perfor-mance: An Integration of Scientific and Best Practice Literature. Sports Medicine - Open, 5(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0221-0
Hernández, D., Sánchez, M., Martin, V., Benéitez-Andrés, E., & Sánchez-Sánchez, J. (2021). Variables contextuales y carga externa semanal en un equipo de fútbol semiprofesional. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, 146, 61-67. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2021/4).146.07
Mero, A., Komi, P. V., & Gregor, R. J. (1992). Biomechanics of Sprint Running: A Review. Sports Medicine, 13(6), 376-392. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199213060-00002
Miguel, M., Oliveira, R., Loureiro, N., García-Rubio, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2021). Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2721. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052721
Núñez-Sánchez, F. J., Toscano-Bendala, F. J., Campos-Vázquez, M. A., & Suarez-Arrones, L. J. (2017). Individualized speed threshold to analyze the game running demands in soccer players using GPS technology. Retos, 32, 130-133. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i32.52871
Oliveira, R., & Brito, J. P. (2023). Load Monitoring and Its Relationship with Healthcare in Sports. Healthcare, 11(16), 2330. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162330
Owen, A. (2019). A Contemporary Positional Multi Modal Assessment Approach to Training Monitoring in Elite Profes-sional Soccer. Journal of Complementary Medicine & Alternative Healthcare, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.19080/JCMAH.2019.10.555786
Owen, A. (2022). Author reply to Weaving et al.: Comment on: ‘A contemporary multi-modal mechanical approach to training monitoring in elite professional soccer: a mathematical problem?’. Science and Medicine in Football, 6(2), 270-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1942539
Owen, A., Djaoui, L., Newton, M., Malone, S., & Mendes, B. (2017). A contemporary multi-modal mechanical ap-proach to training monitoring in elite professional soccer. Science and Medicine in Football, 1(3), 216-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2017.1334958
Samozino, P., Peyrot, N., Edouard, P., Nagahara, R., Jimenez‐Reyes, P., Vanwanseele, B., & Morin, J. (2022). Optimal mechanical force‐velocity profile for sprint acceleration performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(3), 559-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14097
Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Hernández, D., Martin, V., Sanchez, M., Casamichana, D., Rodriguez-Fernandez, A., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2019). Assessment of the external load of amateur soccer players during four con-secutive training microcycles in relation to the external load during the official match. Motriz: Revista de Educação Físi-ca, 25(1), e101938. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742019000010014
Vasquez Bonilla, A. A., Urrutia, S., Bustamante, A., & Romero, J. F. (2023). Control del entrenamiento con datos GPS y medidas subjetivas de fatiga y recuperación en futbolistas hondureños durante un periodo preparatorio para los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020/2021. MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud, 20(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.20-2.3
Velásquez-González, H., Peña-Troncoso, S., Hernández-Mosqueira, C., Pavez-Adasme, G., Gómez-Álvarez, N., & Sáez De Villarreal, E. (2023). Profile of high-speed efforts considering the playing position of Chilean professional soccer players, recorded by a GPS device: A Pilot Study. Retos, 48, 590-597. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.97014
Weaving, D., & Read, D. B. (2022). Re: A contemporary multi-modal mechanical approach to training monitoring in elite professional soccer: a statistical problem? Science and Medicine in Football, 6(2), 268-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1934527
Zurutuza, U., Castellano, J., Echeazarra, I., & Casamichana, D. (2017). Absolute and Relative Training Load and Its Relation to Fatigue in Football. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00878
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
