Diferencias asociadas a la edad en las propiedades mecánicas y funcionales de la musculatura flexo-extensora de rodilla

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116164

Palabras clave:

Calidad Muscular, Adultos Mayores, Envejecimiento, Capacidad flexo-extensora de rodilla

Resumen

Introducción y Objetivo. La pérdida de calidad muscular (CM) con el envejecimiento está asociada a un aumento de la morbi-mortalidad. Por lo tanto, su caracterización en adultos mayores (AM) resulta esencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar y comparar indicadores de CM de músculos flexo-extensores de rodilla en diferentes grupos etarios.

Metodología. Sesenta y seis voluntarios de ambos sexos se dividieron en tres grupos: adultos jóvenes (22,1 ± 1,6 años), adultos (49,9 ± 8,3 años) y adultos mayores (71,0 ± 6,4 años). Se evaluaron el desplazamiento radial máximo (Dm) y el tiempo de contracción (Tc) del recto femoral (RF) y bíceps femoral (BF), junto con las variables dinamométricas de fuerza isométrica y potencia máximas de flexo-extensión de rodilla. Las diferencias entre grupos se evaluaron mediante ANOVA, y se analizaron las correlaciones entre los dos tipos de variable.

Resultados. El envejecimiento se asoció con una disminución (p < 0,05) de la fuerza isométrica y la potencia para la extensión y flexión, con un aumento significativo (p < 0,05) del Tc RF y una tendencia al aumento del Tc BF. La Dm de ambos músculos no mostró diferencias (p > 0,05) entre los grupos. Para la extensión, se observó una correlación negativa débil (p < 0,05) entre ambas modalidades de fuerza y el Tc RF, y una correlación positiva débil entre estas medidas y el Dm RF. Para la flexión, se encontraron correlaciones negativas débiles (p < 0,05) entre ambas modalidades de fuerza y el Tc BF, sin correlaciones con el Dm BF.

Conclusiones.Las variables tensiomiográficas, en particular Dm, no parecen ser sensibles para detectar el deterioro de CM cuando se analizan de forma aislada. Sería necesario incorporar nuevos indicadores para mejorar la precisión de la evaluación.

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Publicado

16-09-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Parodi-Feye, A., Cappuccio-Díaz, Álvaro, & Magallanes-Mira, C. (2025). Diferencias asociadas a la edad en las propiedades mecánicas y funcionales de la musculatura flexo-extensora de rodilla. Retos, 72, 502-513. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116164