El impacto de las características locomotoras en la capacidad de salto y el VO2max en futbolistas profesionales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114470Palabras clave:
VO2max, fútbol, capacidad de salto, rendimiento, estado físicoResumen
Introducción y Objetivo. El propósito del estudio fue analizar las diferencias de los perfiles locomotores en futbolistas profesionales y su relación con el rendimiento en el salto y el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO₂max).
Metodología. 23 jugadores de la Segunda División de la liga belga (27.6 ± 4.2 años; 182.5 ± 6 cm; 77.29 ± 7.16 kg) realizaron la prueba de salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), un sprint de 30 metros y el test 30-15 IFT para estimar el VO₂max. Los jugadores se clasificaron en perfiles de Velocidad, Híbrido y Resistencia.
Resultados. Los análisis descriptivos mostraron los valores más altos de velocidad aeróbica máxima (VAM) en el perfil de Resistencia (5.98 ± 0.29), velocidad máxima de sprint (MSS) en el perfil de Velocidad (9.59 ± 0.49), reserva de velocidad anaeróbica (ASR) (3.96 ± 0.21) y CMJ también en el perfil de Velocidad (40.55 ± 5.97), mientras que el VO₂max fue superior en el perfil de Resistencia (58.57 ± 2.95). El CMJ mostró una contribución significativa a la variación de la VAM en jugadores de resistencia (Spearman’s rho = -0.804; p = 0.029), y en el grupo de Velocidad el VO₂max se asoció fuertemente con la VAM (Spearman’s = 0.872; p = 0.054) y la MSS (Spearman’s = 0.900; p = 0.083).
Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que los perfiles locomotores están vinculados a atributos neuromusculares y aeróbicos específicos. El entrenamiento individualizado basado en las características locomotoras puede mejorar el rendimiento al potenciar las fortalezas específicas. Se recomiendan investigaciones adicionales para examinar los efectos a largo plazo de las intervenciones personalizadas en los perfiles físicos y el rendimiento futbolístico.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Moisés Falces Prieto, Francisco Tomás González Fernández, Francisco Javier Iglesias Garcia, Samuel López Mariscal, José María Izquierdo Velasco
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