Efecto del entrenamiento de resistencia sobre la resistencia a la insulina sin manifestaciones clínicas de diabetes tipo 2 en hombres jordanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.112731Palabras clave:
Ejercicio de resistencia, HOMA-IR, sobrepeso, sensibilidad a la insulina, glucemiaResumen
Introducción: El entrenamiento de resistencia se ha asociado con una mejor sensibilidad a la insulina en personas con diabetes tipo 2, pero su papel en personas con sobrepeso no diabéticas sigue siendo incierto.
El objetivo de este estudio era evaluar si el entrenamiento de resistencia progresivo reduce la resistencia a la insulina en hombres con sobrepeso y alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Planteamos la hipótesis de que dicho entrenamiento mejoraría significativamente los marcadores de sensibilidad a la insulina.
Métodos: trece hombres con sobrepeso (de 30 a 50 años, IMC > 25 kg/m², HOMA-IR > 1,9 mg/kg y HbA1c < 5,8 %) participaron en un programa de entrenamiento de resistencia supervisado de 8 semanas (3 sesiones por semana). La fuerza se midió utilizando el máximo de una repetición de cada ejercicio. Las evaluaciones previas y posteriores al entrenamiento incluyeron análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica, niveles de insulina en ayunas (FBI), glucemia en ayunas (FBG), colesterol total, HbA1c y HOMA-IR.
Resultados: se observó un aumento significativo de la masa muscular (pre: 35,21 ± 3,18 kg vs. post: 36,12 ± 2,91 kg, p < 0,001) y una disminución de la masa grasa (pre: 30,93 ± 1,88 kg vs. post: 30,17 ± 1,82 kg, p < 0,001). Las tasas de resistencia a la insulina disminuyeron significativamente a medida que mejoraba la sensibilidad a la insulina, con una disminución de la FBI (pre: 12,16 ± 1,88 μIU/mL vs. post: 11,64 ± 1,52 μIU/mL, p < 0,05), mientras que la glucosa en ayunas (GA) no se alteró. Los niveles de HbA1c disminuyeron del 5,37 ± 0,31 % al 5,10 ± 0,34 % (p < 0,001). Las puntuaciones HOMA-IR mejoraron significativamente (2,77 ± 0,50 frente a 2,57 ± 0,42, p < 0,001).
Conclusión: en hombres jordanos con sobrepeso y riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2, un programa de ejercicios de resistencia administrado tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas puede mejorar significativamente la resistencia a la insulina.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Hatem A Shlool, Saleh Hammad, Abdelhafez Alnawayseh, Mohammed A Mbaydeen, Musallam N Alrosan, Muath Altarawneh, Haidar Djemai
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