Conductas en el entrenamiento deportivo y respuestas emocionales asociadas a los trastornos temporomandibulares en estudiantes deportistas durante la pandemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.110010Palabras clave:
Aislamiento, Estudiantes, Atletas, Actividad Física, Emociones, Desordenes temporomandibulares, Covid-19Resumen
Introducción: Las consecuencias de la pandemia del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 podrían afectar la actividad física, la salud mental y la salud bucal de los estudiantes deportistas.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de Trastornos Temporomandibulares (TTM), así como las conductas de entrenamiento deportivo y las respuestas emocionales asociadas en estudiantes deportistas durante el aislamiento por COVID-19.
Metodología: Se evaluó a 643 estudiantes deportistas de un departamento de deportes de una universidad chilena (con una edad promedio de 22,05 ± 2,94 años) mediante una encuesta en línea para registrar TTM y revisar las conductas de entrenamiento deportivo y las respuestas emocionales durante el aislamiento por COVID-19.
Resultados: El 40% de los estudiantes deportistas reportó materiales de entrenamiento inadecuados, el 70% sintió una mejoría en su condición física y más del 50% reportó dificultad para dormir. También experimentaron falta de concentración, irritabilidad y ansiedad. El 65,47% presentó TTM. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron tensión o nerviosismo (35,15%), aumento de la frecuencia de cefaleas (31,73%), chasquidos en la ATM al masticar o abrir la boca y apretar o rechinar los dientes (25,97%). Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las conductas de entrenamiento deportivo, las respuestas emocionales y las variables de TTM. Cabe destacar que el impacto psicológico se asoció fuertemente con los síntomas de TTM (r = 0,416, p < 0,001), mientras que los problemas de conducta mostraron una correlación moderada con el impacto psicológico y una correlación inversa débil con la prevalencia de TTM.
Conclusiones: La ansiedad, la irritabilidad y las alteraciones del sueño se relacionaron fuertemente con el aumento de los síntomas de TTM durante la COVID-19. Una asociación moderada con las dificultades de conducta destaca la necesidad de abordar tanto los aspectos psicológicos como los conductuales en futuras intervenciones deportivas y de salud, especialmente durante los confinamientos.
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