La eficacia del ejercicio aeróbico para mejorar la calidad del sueño en adultos con diversas afecciones de salud: una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.109238Palabras clave:
Ejercicio aeróbico, calidad del sueño, condiciones de salud, salud mental, calidad de vidaResumen
Introducción. El ejercicio aeróbico se ha reconocido como una posible intervención no farmacológica para mejorar la calidad del sueño, especialmente en poblaciones con diversas afecciones, como depresión, obesidad, síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP), insomnio, dependencia de sustancias, cáncer de mama, dispepsia funcional, menstruación y trastornos mentales.
Objetivo. Este estudio evalúa el impacto del ejercicio aeróbico en la calidad del sueño en adultos con diversas afecciones mediante una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis.
Metodología. Se utilizó un enfoque sistemático para recopilar y evaluar la literatura de las bases de datos Scopus y WoS, centrándose en los estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2024. El metanálisis se realizó mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios para considerar la variabilidad entre estudios, y la heterogeneidad se midió mediante la prueba Q e I².
Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el ejercicio aeróbico mejoró significativamente la calidad del sueño, según lo medido por el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI), con una Diferencia de Medias Estándar (DME) de -0,69 (IC del 95 %: -1,11, -0,27). Sin embargo, el alto nivel de heterogeneidad (I² = 91 %) indica una variación significativa entre los estudios, probablemente debido a diferencias en la metodología, la población de la muestra, el tipo de ejercicio aeróbico y la duración de la intervención. El ejercicio aeróbico no solo mejora la calidad del sueño, sino que también tiene efectos positivos en la calidad de vida y el bienestar psicológico. Diversos estudios han reportado reducciones en los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, así como mejoras en la calidad de vida.
Discusión. Estos hallazgos respaldan el uso del ejercicio aeróbico como parte de una estrategia integral de gestión de la salud para mejorar la calidad del sueño y la salud mental en adultos con diversas afecciones. Se necesitan más investigaciones con diseños más homogéneos, intervenciones de mayor duración y el uso de herramientas de medición objetivas para fortalecer la evidencia científica existente. Este estudio hace una contribución significativa a la literatura existente y ofrece nuevos conocimientos para los profesionales de la salud en el diseño de programas de ejercicio holísticos y basados en evidencia.
Citas
Ahmadi, H., Gholamzadeh, M., Shahmoradi, L., Nilashi, M., & Rashvand, P. (2018). Diseases diagnosis using fuzzy logic methods: A systematic and meta-analysis review. In Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 161, 145–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.04.013
AlDabal, L. (2011). Metabolic, Endocrine, and Immune Consequences of Sleep Deprivation. The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal, 5(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874306401105010031
Ali Ismail, A. M., Saad, A. E., Fouad Abd-Elrahman, N. A., & Abdelhalim Elfahl, A. M. (2022). Effect of Benson’s relaxation therapy alone or combined with aerobic exercise on cortisol, sleeping quality, estrogen, and severity of dyspeptic symptoms in perimenopausal women with func-tional dyspepsia. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 26(22), 8342-8350. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202211_30367
Alipouri, M., Amiri, E., Hoseini, R., & Hezarkhani, L. A. (2023). Effects of eight weeks of aerobic exer-cise and vitamin D supplementation on psychiatric comorbidities in men with migraine and vit-amin D insufficiency: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 334, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.108
Alnawwar, M. A., Alraddadi, M. I., Algethmi, R. A., Salem, G. A., Salem, M. A., & Alharbi, A. A. (2023). The Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorder: A Systematic Review. Cure-us. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43595
Amalia, L., Fitriana, L. A., Darmawati, I., Nasution, L. A., Anggadiredja, K., Setiawan, I., Suherman, A., Novan, N. A., Komariyah, L., & Adnyana, I. K. (2021). The Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Estra-diol Plasma, Quality of Sleep, and Cognitive Function in Menopausal Women. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 17, 28–32.
Aoike, D. T., Baria, F., Kamimura, M. A., Ammirati, A., & Cuppari, L. (2018). Home-based versus center-based aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary performance, physical function, quality of life and quality of sleep of overweight patients with chronic kidney disease. Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, 22(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-017-1429-2
Benham, J. L., Booth, J. E., Goldfield, G., Friedenreich, C. M., Rabi, D. M., & Sigal, R. J. (2023). Self-reported sleep quality and exercise in polycystic ovary syndrome: A secondary analysis of a pi-lot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Endocrinology, 98(5), 700–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14900
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). How Much Sleep Do I Need? Cdc.Gov, 12(6).
Chang, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, W., Li, X., & Yang, L. (2024). Effect of music therapy combined with aerobic exercise on sleep quality among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after a radical mastectomy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Women’s Health, 24(1), 408. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-024-03241-6
Cheung, D. S. T., Takemura, N., Lam, T. C., Ho, J. C. M., Deng, W., Smith, R., Yan, Y., Lee, A. W. M., & Lin, C. C. (2021). Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise and Tai-Chi Interventions in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/15347354211033352
Dadgostar, H., Basharkhah, A., Ghalehbandi, M., & Kashaninasab, F. (2023). An investigation on the effect of exercise on insomnia symptoms. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_204_21
de Moraes Sirydakis, M. E., Danielevicz, A., de Melo, P. U. G., Bregalda, J., Constantini, M. I., Pelliciari, G., Sampaio, S. K., Rech, C. R., Maurici, R., Gerage, A. M., & Delevatti, R. S. (2024). Improving quali-ty of life, sleep and mental health through multicomponent training versus Brazilian recom-mendations of physical activity in post-COVID-19 patients: CORE-study–A randomized con-trolled trial. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100615
Dieli-Conwright, C. M., Courneya, K. S., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Sami, N., Lee, K., Buchanan, T. A., Spicer, D. V., Tripathy, D., Bernstein, L., & Mortimer, J. E. (2018). Effects of aerobic and re-sistance exercise on metabolic syndrome, sarcopenic obesity, and circulating biomarkers in overweight or obese survivors of breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clini-cal Oncology, 36(9). https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.75.7526
Earnest, C. P., Johannsen, N. M., Swift, D. L., Gillison, F. B., Mikus, C. R., Lucia, A., Kramer, K., Lavie, C. J., & Church, T. S. (2014). Aerobic and strength training in concomitant metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(7). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000242
Edwards, M. K., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017). Experimentally increasing sedentary behavior results in de-creased sleep quality among young adults. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.04.002
Elgayar, S. L., Elgendy, S., & Youssef, T. M. (2024). Comparative Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined exercises on Depression and Sleep Quality in Women with Controlled Hypothyroid-ism. A Randomized Controlled Trial. Advances in Rehabilitation, 37(4). https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2024.136292
Ezpeleta, M., Gabel, K., Cienfuegos, S., Kalam, F., Lin, S., Pavlou, V., & Varady, K. A. (2023). Alternate-Day Fasting Combined with Exercise: Effect on Sleep in Adults with Obesity and NAFLD. Nutri-ents, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061398
Farrahi Moghaddam, J., Nakhaee, N., Sheibani, V., Garrusi, B., & Amirkafi, A. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P). Sleep and Breath-ing, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-010-0478-5
Gaudreau-Majeau, F., Gagnon, C., Djedaa, S. C., Bérubé, B., Malo, J., Iglesies-Grau, J., Gayda, M., Bherer, L., & Besnier, F. (2024). Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation’s influence on cognitive functions, psy-chological state, and sleep quality in long COVID-19 patients: A randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2024.2338613
Gopalakrishnan, S., & Ganeshkumar, P. (2013). Systematic reviews and meta-analysis: Understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.109934
Ha, J., & Kim, J. (2019). Factors influencing perceived health status among elderly workers: Occupa-tional stress, frailty, sleep quality, and motives for food choices. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 1493–1501. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S210205
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. In British Medical Journal, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
Hu, Y., Visser, M., & Kaiser, S. (2020). Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality in Midlife and Later: Control-ling for Genetic and Environmental Influences. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 18(4), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2019.1629443
Huang, C. Y., Chang, E. T., & Lai, H. L. (2016). Comparing the effects of music and exercise with music for older adults with insomnia. Applied Nursing Research, 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2016.06.009
Huang, X., Wang, X., Shao, Y., Lin, A., Zhang, Z., Qi, H., Sun, C., & Yang, H. (2023). Effects of health qigong exercise on sleep and life quality in patients with drug abuse. Hong Kong Journal of Oc-cupational Therapy, 36(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/15691861231156002
Hutton, B., Catalá-López, F., & Moher, D. (2016). The PRISMA statement extension for systematic re-views incorporating network meta-analysis: PRISMA-NMA. Medicina Clínica (English Edition), 147(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2016.10.003
Kim, H. J., Oh, S. Y., Joo, J. H., Dong-Woo, C., & Eun-Cheol, P. (2019). The relationship between sleep duration and perceived stress: Findings from the 2017 community health survey in Korea. In-ternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173208
Kurniati, E., Suwono, H., Ibrohim, I., Suryadi, A., & Saefi, M. (2022). International Scientific Collabora-tion and Research Topics on STEM Education: A Systematic Review. Eurasia Journal of Mathe-matics, Science and Technology Education, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/11903
López-Nuevo, C. E., Sanchez-Molina, J., & Ureña, G. D. (2021). Adherence to healthy habits and academ-ic performance in Vocational Education Students. Retos, 42, 118–125. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V42I0.87138
Ma, C. (2022). Design and Practice of Aerobics Teaching Design Based on Data Fusion Algorithm. Wire-less Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1275508
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., Estarli, M., Barrera, E. S. A., Martínez-Rodríguez, R., Baladia, E., Agüero, S. D., Camacho, S., Buhring, K., Herrero-López, A., Gil-González, D. M., Altman, D. G., Booth, A., … Whitlock, E. (2016). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Revista Espanola de Nutricion Humana y Dietetica, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
Mourady, D., Richa, S., Karam, R., Papazian, T., Moussa, F. H., El-Osta, N., Kesrouani, A., Azouri, J., Jabbour, H., Hajj, A., & Khabbaz, L. R. (2017). Associations between quality of life, physical ac-tivity, worry, depression and insomnia: A cross-sectional designed study in healthy pregnant women. PLoS ONE, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178181
Nourizadeh, R., Khanipour, S., Zamiri, R. E., Namin, M. S., Khalili, A., & Hakimi, S. (2022). A Comparison of the Effects of Self-Acupressure and Aerobic Exercises on Sleep Disorders of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Medical Acupuncture, 34(2), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2020.1515
Ostman, C., Smart, N. A., Morcos, D., Duller, A., Ridley, W., & Jewiss, D. (2017). The effect of exercise training on clinical outcomes in patients with the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0590-y
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., & Moher, D. (2021). Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: devel-opment of the PRISMA 2020 statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003
Parra, E., Arone, A., Amadori, S., Mucci, F., Palermo, S., & Marazziti, D. (2020). Impact of Physical Exer-cise on Psychological Well-being and Psychiatric Disorders. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.26407/2020jrtdd.1.39
Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12695
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2016). Sleep duration and health correlates among university students in 26 countries. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2014.998687
Quadros da Silva, E., Bernardi, N. G., Marques, M. G. de S., Morais, S. R. L. de, Nascimento Júnior, J. R. A. do, Branco, B. H. M., & Oliveira, D. V. de. (2024). Effects of 12 weeks of functional and re-sistance training on stress perception and sleep quality in Brazilianolder people. Retos, 56, 690-698. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104513
Roveda, E., Vitale, J. A., Bruno, E., Montaruli, A., Pasanisi, P., Villarini, A., Gargano, G., Galasso, L., Be-rrino, F., Caumo, A., & Carandente, F. (2017). Protective Effect of Aerobic Physical Activity on Sleep Behavior in Breast Cancer Survivors. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735416651719
Sarıtoy, A., & Usgu, S. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercises of different intensities on anxiety, ciga-rette addiction, sleep quality, and quality of life in former smokers. Irish Journal of Medical Sci-ence, 192(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-022-03065-z
Sateia, M. J., Buysse, D. J., Krystal, A. D., Neubauer, D. N., & Heald, J. L. (2017). Clinical Practice Guide-line for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.6470
Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., Altman, D. G., Booth, A., Chan, A. W., Chang, S., Clifford, T., Dickersin, K., Egger, M., Gøtzsche, P. C., Grimshaw, J. M., Groves, T., Helfand, M., … Whitlock, E. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (prisma-p) 2015: Elaboration and explanation. In BMJ (Online) (Vol. 349). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g7647
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Song, D., & Yu, D. S. F. (2019). Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme on the cog-nitive function and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.019
Stewart, L. A., Clarke, M., Rovers, M., Riley, R. D., Simmonds, M., Stewart, G., & Tierney, J. F. (2015). Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data: The PRISMA-IPD statement. In JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 313(16), 1657–1665. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.3656
Vélez, J. C., Souza, A., Traslaviña, S., Barbosa, C., Wosu, A., Andrade, A., Frye, M., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Ge-laye, B., & Williams, M. A. (2013). The Epidemiology of Sleep Quality and Consumption of Stim-ulant Beverages among Patagonian Chilean College Students. Sleep Disorders, 2013, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/910104
Who, W. H. O. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.1080/11026480410034349
Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review. In Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971
Xu, J., Zhu, Z., Liang, X., Huang, Q., Zheng, T. Z., & Li, X. (2022). Effects of moderate-intensity exercise on social health and physical and mental health of methamphetamine-dependent individuals: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.997960
Yang, P. Y., Ho, K. H., Chen, H. C., & Chien, M. Y. (2012). Exercise training improves sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults with sleep problems: A systematic review. Journal of Physiother-apy, 58(3), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(12)70106-6
Zeibig, J. M., Seiffer, B., Sudeck, G., Rösel, I., Hautzinger, M., & Wolf, S. (2021). Transdiagnostic efficacy of a group exercise intervention for outpatients with heterogenous psychiatric disorders: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03307-x
Zhao, Y., Niu, H., & Liu, S. (2022). Effects of aerobics training on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in perimenopausal women. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025682
Zheng, B., Yu, C., Lin, L., Du, H., Lv, J., Guo, Y., Bian, Z., Chen, Y., Yu, M., Li, J., Chen, J., Chen, Z., & Li, L. (2017). Associations of domain-specific physical activities with insomnia symptoms among 0.5 million Chinese adults. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(3), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12507
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Ahmad Chaeroni, Kamal Talib
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
