Influencia de un período académico estresante en indicadores antropométricos, actividad física y salud mental en universitarios: estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.116703Palabras clave:
Estrés psicológico, Antropometría, Actividad física, Salud mental, EstudiantesResumen
Introducción: El estrés académico afecta la salud mental, los hábitos de vida y el rendimiento físico en estudiantes universitarios. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre su impacto durante períodos académicos exigentes es limitada, especialmente en estudiantes chilenos de ciencias del deporte.
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un período académico de alta exigencia sobre parámetros antropométricos, salud mental, nivel de actividad física, calidad del sueño y fuerza de prensión manual en estudiantes universitarios chilenos.
Métodos: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo realizado con 30 estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Ciencias del Deporte (edad media 19,9 ± 1,5 años) de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede Talca. Se evaluaron variables antes (PRE) y después (POST) de un período académico estresante que incluyó un examen final. Se midieron peso corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de cintura, nivel de actividad física (IPAQ), calidad del sueño (Pitts-burgh Sleep Quality Index), síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) y fuerza de prensión manual con dinamómetro digital. Se aplicaron pruebas t parea-das y se calculó el tamaño del efecto con d de Cohen.
Resultados: Se observaron aumentos significativos en peso corporal (70,60 ± 7,3 a 74,61 ± 8,2 kg, p ≤ 0,001, d = 0,37) e IMC (24,99 ± 2,5 a 25,32 ± 2,6 kg/m², p ≤ 0,001, d = 0,10). No hubo cambios significativos en circunferencia de cintura, actividad física, calidad del sueño, depresión, ansiedad, estrés ni fuerza de prensión (p > 0,05). Los tamaños del efecto fueron pequeños o nulos para estas variables.
Conclusiones: Un período académico exigente se asoció con aumentos modera-dos en peso e IMC en estudiantes chilenos de ciencias del deporte. La salud mental, calidad del sueño, actividad física y fuerza manual se mantuvieron estables, sugiriendo resiliencia en estas áreas durante períodos de estrés.
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