Efectos comparativos del entrenamiento de fuerza unilateral y bilateral de las extremidades inferiores sobre el rendimiento en volteretas laterales en atletas de gimnasia artística

Autores/as

  • Muhammad Firdaus Kafrawi Master Program of Sports Science, Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Irmantara Subagio Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Noortje Anita Kumaat Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Achmad Widodo Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Cemal Özman Bartin University
  • Afif Rusdiawan Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Fatkur Rohman Kafrawi Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Soni Sulistyarto Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.116192

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento bilateral, entrenamiento unilateral, gimnasia artística, ejecución de volteretas, equilibrio

Resumen

Introducción: Los ejercicios de fortalecimiento muscular en la gimnasia son importantes para apoyar los movimientos de salto mortal porque aumentan la potencia y el equilibrio.

Objetivo: Examinar los efectos de 8 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza unilateral versus bilateral de miembros inferiores sobre la fuerza máxima, el equilibrio dinámico y el rendimiento de la voltereta lateral de gimnastas jóvenes. Metodología: Cuarenta y dos gimnastas (n=14 cada una) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a los grupos de entrenamiento unilateral (UTG), entrenamiento bilateral (BTG) o control (CG). Mediante ejercicios de extremidades inferiores con una pierna (unilateral) o con ambas piernas (bilateral), UTG y BTG entrenaron tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas, mientras que CG continuó con su rutina. Los resultados incluyeron 1RM en sentadilla y peso muerto, equilibrio dinámico (Test de Equilibrio Y, YBT) y habilidad para la voltereta lateral (Herramienta de Evaluación del Rendimiento de la Voltereta Lateral, CPAT). Resultados: Las interacciones grupo × tiempo fueron significativas para todos los resultados (p < 0,001). El CPAT aumentó 2,2 puntos en comparación con el grupo control (p < 0,001, d = 1,32) y 1,6 puntos en comparación con el grupo control (p = 0,002, d = 0,94), lo que indica que el grupo control tuvo mayores ganancias de habilidad. En comparación con el grupo control (5,9 %, p = 0,004, d = 1,02), el equilibrio dinámico del grupo control mejoró más (9,4 %, p < 0,001, d = 1,68). El entrenamiento bilateral produjo mayores ganancias de fuerza: el 1RM en peso muerto y sentadilla aumentó 6,6 kg (p = 0,02) y 7,7 kg (p = 0,01) en comparación con el grupo control. Discusión: Mientras que el entrenamiento bilateral maximizaba la fuerza absoluta, el entrenamiento unilateral mejoraba la habilidad y el equilibrio al reflejar con mayor eficacia las exigencias de las habilidades gimnásticas.

Conclusiones: Mientras que los ejercicios bilaterales desarrollan la fuerza fundamental, los ejercicios unilaterales de miembros inferiores pueden mejorar la ejecución de habilidades y la estabilidad de manera más efectiva en gimnastas jóvenes.

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Publicado

2025-06-20

Cómo citar

Kafrawi, M. F., Subagio, I., Kumaat, N. A., Widodo, A., Özman, C., Rusdiawan, A., … Sulistyarto, S. (2025). Efectos comparativos del entrenamiento de fuerza unilateral y bilateral de las extremidades inferiores sobre el rendimiento en volteretas laterales en atletas de gimnasia artística. Retos, 69, 654–665. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.116192

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas