El entrenamiento de intensidad moderada tiene un mejor efecto sobre los factores de crecimiento que el entrenamiento de alta intensidad en ratas

Autores/as

  • Laily Mita Andriana Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9845-6577
  • Adi Pranoto Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-9245
  • Greta Ahmad Bukhori Atlas Sports Club Malang
  • Joseph Kenoly Nugroho Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang
  • Irmantara Subagio Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Nining Widyah Kusnanik Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Bayu Agung Pramono Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Dany Pramuno Putra Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Airlangga https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2650-9810
  • Muhamad Fauzi Antoni Department of Sport Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3482-3297
  • Bekir Erhan Orhan Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Aydın University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.116181

Palabras clave:

Cortisol, hormona del crecimiento, melatonina, entrenamiento de intensidad moderada, entrenamiento de alta intensidad

Resumen

Introducción: Es bien sabido que el ejercicio es un potente estímulo para el sistema endocrino. Varios estudios previos han examinado los efectos del ejercicio sobre la GH, la melatonina o el cortisol por separado. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, ningún estudio ha examinado directamente las tres hormonas simultáneamente en un solo protocolo de ejercicio, especialmente utilizando modelos controlados de ratas.

Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto del entrenamiento de intensidad moderada y del entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre los determinantes del crecimiento en ratas.

Metodología: Un total de 39 ratas macho, Rattus Norvegicus cepa tipo Wistar, 8 semanas de edad, 160 ± 20 gramos y divididos aleatoriamente en tres grupos: CON (n = 13, controles sin tratamiento), MIT (n = 13, entrenamiento de intensidad moderada, utilizando una cinta de correr con una velocidad de 14-16 m/min durante 30 minutos y HIT (n = 13, entrenamiento de alta intensidad, utilizando una cinta de correr a una velocidad de 22-25 m/min durante 20 minutos). El tratamiento se llevó a cabo de 17:00 a 21:00 p.m. con una frecuencia de 3 veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Se extrajo sangre 24 horas después del último tratamiento de ejercicio. Mediciones séricas de hormona de crecimiento (GH), melatonina y cortisol utilizando ELISA. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA de una vía y la prueba post hoc de HSD de Tukey con niveles de significancia del 5%.

Resultados: Observamos niveles de GH en CON (4,30 ± 0,29) pg/mL, MIT (4,55 ± 0,17) pg/mL, HIT (4,09 ± 0,28) pg/mL y (p < 0,001). Melatonina en CON (172,31 ± 15,86) pg/mL, MIT (193,54 ± 25,01) pg/mL, HIT (165,96 ± 15,44) pg/mL y (p < 0,05). Cortisol en CON (247,22 ± 50,26) ng/mL, MIT (212,82 ± 41,24) ng/mL, HIT (262,11 ± 19,56) ng/mL y (p < 0,05).

Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sugieren que el entrenamiento de intensidad moderada tiene un mejor efecto sobre los determinantes del crecimiento en comparación con el entrenamiento de alta intensidad en ratas.

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Publicado

2025-06-13

Cómo citar

Andriana, L. M., Pranoto, A., Bukhori, G. A., Nugroho, J. K., Subagio, I., Kusnanik, N. W., … Orhan, B. E. (2025). El entrenamiento de intensidad moderada tiene un mejor efecto sobre los factores de crecimiento que el entrenamiento de alta intensidad en ratas. Retos, 69, 619–627. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.116181

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas