Las comunidades rurales son más activas físicamente en Indonesia: resultados de una encuesta nacional indonesia

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.115771

Palabras clave:

Actividad física, urbano vs rural, ANCOVA, bayesiano,, política de salud

Resumen

Introducción: La actividad física es un componente importante para mantener la salud física y mental, incluida la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas y la mejora de la función cognitiva. Sin embargo, casi una cuarta parte de la población adulta mundial es físicamente inactiva y factores como la ubicación geográfica (urbana o rural) y las condiciones socioeconómicas influyen en los niveles de participación.

Objetivo: Identificar las diferencias en los niveles de actividad física entre las comunidades urbanas y rurales de Indonesia e identificar la influencia de la ubicación residencial, la riqueza y la edad en la actividad física.

Metodología: Este estudio utilizó datos de la quinta ola de la Encuesta de Vida Familiar de Indonesia (IFLS), con una muestra de 20.611 encuestados (57,4% urbanos, 42,6% rurales). Los niveles de actividad física se midieron según el equivalente metabólico de la tarea (MET) y se analizaron utilizando ANCOVA (con la residencia como factor fijo y la riqueza y la edad como covariables) y ANCOVA bayesiano para comparar modelos predictivos.

Resultados: Diferencia significativa en la actividad física entre áreas urbanas y rurales (F = 100.893, *p* < 0.001), siendo las comunidades rurales más activas. El nivel de riqueza tuvo un efecto significativo (F = 44,894, *p* < 0,001), mientras que la edad no lo tuvo (*p* = 0,428). El mejor modelo en el análisis bayesiano incluyó tanto la residencia como la riqueza (probabilidad posterior: 96,7%), lo que confirma la importancia del contexto geográfico y económico.

Conclusiones: Las comunidades rurales de Indonesia son más activas físicamente que las urbanas. Las políticas de salud pública deben priorizar las intervenciones basadas en la ubicación. Se requieren más estudios para explorar otros factores, como el acceso a la infraestructura y la percepción comunitaria de la actividad física.

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Publicado

2025-06-07

Cómo citar

Haru Pradani, W., Guspa, A., Akbar, A., Hidayati, I., Feny Rahayu, W., Sukma Deri, P., & Oktarisa, F. (2025). Las comunidades rurales son más activas físicamente en Indonesia: resultados de una encuesta nacional indonesia. Retos, 69, 646–653. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.115771

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas