Intervenciones ergonómicas basadas en estiramientos para aliviar el dolor lumbar y la fatiga laboral en enfermeras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.115188Palabras clave:
Musculoesqueléticos, personal de enfermería, ejercicios de flexibilidad, fatiga física, ergonomía en el lugar de trabajo, promoción de la saludResumen
Introducción: El dolor lumbar (DL) y la fatiga laboral son comunes entre las enfermeras debido a la actividad prolongada y las posturas no ergonómicas. Se necesitan intervenciones efectivas para abordar estos problemas
Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de los ejercicios de estiramiento en la reducción del DL y la fatiga laboral en enfermeras hospitalarias del Hospital Prof. Dr. W.Z. Yohannes de Kupang.
Metodología: Estudio cuasi-experimental con diseño de pretest y postest en un solo grupo, con 20 enfermeras seleccionadas aleatoriamente. El DL se evaluó con el Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry (ODI), y la fatiga mediante el tiempo de reacción. La intervención consistió en ejercicios de estiramiento de 30 a 45 minutos. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba t pareada con α = 0.05.
Resultados: Se observó una reducción significativa en el DL y la fatiga después de la intervención. Los puntajes de ODI bajaron de 11.775 ± 3.952 a 9.45 ± 3.766 (reducción del 19.74%, p = 0.000). La fatiga disminuyó de 421.525 ± 50.466 ms a 373.725 ± 39.543 ms (reducción del 11.33%, p = 0.000).
Conclusiones: Los ejercicios de estiramiento son efectivos para reducir el DL y la fatiga en las enfermeras, probablemente al mejorar la flexibilidad muscular y la circulación. Se recomienda incorporar el estiramiento en los programas de salud laboral. Se sugiere realizar más investigaciones sobre los efectos a largo plazo y estrategias ergonómicas adicionales
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