Sintra crece saludable: impacto del desarrollo profesional y la co-enseñanza en Educación Física sobre la competencia motriz en primaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114952Palabras clave:
Co-enseñanza, competencia motriz, desarrollo profesional docente, Educación FísicaResumen
Introducción: La competencia motriz es clave en el desarrollo físico infantil, influyendo en la actividad física y la salud. Las escuelas desempeñan un papel fundamental en su desarrollo mediante la educación física, pero la evidencia sobre modelos de enseñanza efectivos siendo limitada, especialmente en el nivel de primaria en Portugal.
Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó el impacto de un programa de desarrollo profesional para maestros generalistas de primaria, con y sin co-enseñanza con especialistas en educación física, en la competencia motriz básica de los estudiantes.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental con 26 docentes y 220 estudiantes, asignados a tres grupos: desarrollo profesional más co-enseñanza, solo desarrollo profesional y un grupo de control. La intervención incluyó un programa acreditado de 25 horas y ocho semanas de co-enseñanza. La competencia motriz se evaluó antes y después con la batería MOBAK. Los resultados se analizaron mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Se aplicó emparejamiento por puntaje de propensión para mejorar la comparabilidad.
Resultados: Todos los grupos mejoraron significativamente su competencia motriz. No se encontraron beneficios adicionales en los grupos de intervención.
Discusión: La pandemia de COVID-19 acortó la intervención, lo que pudo haber influido en su impacto. La variabilidad en la implementación y el diseño no aleatorizado también pudieron afectar los resultados.
Conclusiones: Este estudio aporta evidencia inicial sobre la implementación de la co-enseñanza en educación física primaria en Portugal. Futuros estudios deberían comparar sistemáticamente la co-enseñanza con otros modelos instruccionales, incorporar control de proceso e incluir evaluaciones de seguimiento para identificar enfoques eficaces y sostenibles que mejoren la competencia motriz e informen políticas y prácticas educativas.
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