Efeitos do treino HIIT e MICT de baixo volume em adultos com resistência à insulina: uma revisão sistemática

Autores

  • Yoselyn Reyes Sánchez Universidad Santo tomas
  • Rocio Bustos Barahona Universidade santo tomas
  • Eduardo Cruzat Bravo Universidade santo tomas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117280

Palavras-chave:

Treino intervalado de alta intensidade, resistência à insulina, diabetes, controlo glicémico, exercícios de baixo volume

Resumo

Introdução: O exercício físico é uma componente essencial no tratamento da resistência à insulina (RI) e da diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). O treino intervalado de alta intensidade e baixo volume (TIAV-LV) tem sido proposto como uma alternativa eficiente em termos de tempo ao treino contínuo de intensidade moderada (TCIM), amplamente recomendado nas guidelines internacionais.

Objectivo: Sintetizar a evidência de ensaios clínicos randomizados comparando os efeitos do TIAV-LV e do TCIM nos parâmetros glicémicos e na sensibilidade à insulina em adultos com distúrbios metabólicos.

Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa sistemática na PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library e Google Scholar (2015-2024). Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados comparando TIAV-LV (≤30 minutos no total, 85–95% da FCmáx ou VO₂máx) versus TCIM (≥30 minutos, 55–70% da FCmáx) em adultos ≥50 anos. Os desfechos primários foram a glicemia em jejum (GJ), a hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), a insulina plasmática em jejum (IPJ), o HOMA-IR e a sensibilidade à insulina.

Resultados: Foram incluídos oito estudos (n=270). Ambos os protocolos melhoraram a GJ, HbA1c, IJ e HOMA-IR, tendo sido observadas maiores reduções absolutas no HIIT-LV, embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas consistentes entre os grupos. A sensibilidade à insulina melhorou significativamente com o HIIT-LV em alguns estudos que aplicaram métodos de medição direta.

Conclusão: O HIIT-LV é uma estratégia eficaz e eficiente em termos de tempo para melhorar a sensibilidade à insulina, induzindo adaptações metabólicas rápidas com resultados comparáveis ​​ou superiores ao MICT.

Biografias do Autor

  • Rocio Bustos Barahona, Universidade santo tomas

    Kinesiologista
    Mestrado em Exercício Físico e Saúde

  • Eduardo Cruzat Bravo, Universidade santo tomas

    Kinesiologista
    Mestrado em Educação
    Doutorado em Ciências do Desenvolvimento Humano

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Publicado

21-10-2025

Edição

Secção

Revisões teóricas sistemáticas e/ou metanálises

Como Citar

Reyes Sánchez, Y., Bustos Barahona, R., & Cruzat Bravo, E. (2025). Efeitos do treino HIIT e MICT de baixo volume em adultos com resistência à insulina: uma revisão sistemática. Retos, 73, 798-812. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117280