Barreras ecológicas a la actividad física entre personas con discapacidad motriz en Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116559Palabras clave:
inclusión de la discapacidad, modelo de ecología de la salud, discapacidades de movilidad, barreras de la actividad física, barreras estructuralesResumen
Introducción: A pesar de la evidencia global sobre las profundas disparidades en la actividad física que afectan a las personas con discapacidades de movilidad, las investigaciones contextuales en entornos de bajos recursos como Indonesia siguen siendo extremadamente limitadas.
Objetivo: En general, este estudio identifica las principales barreras para la participación en la actividad física en esta población utilizando el marco del Modelo de Ecología de la Salud, analizando específicamente la comparación de variables de tipo de discapacidad basadas en ayudas para la movilidad, sexo, edad y otras barreras.
Metodología: Aplicando el Modelo de Ecología de la Salud, este estudio transversal identificó las principales barreras de participación en 75 participantes con discapacidades de movilidad en cinco provincias de Java mediante el instrumento BPAQ-MI (SPSS v25; estadística descriptiva, EFA, Spearman, regresión logística).
Resultados: La inaccesibilidad de la infraestructura/transporte fue la barrera dominante (83%), reduciendo significativamente la probabilidad de participación (OR = 0,11, p = 0,01). El apoyo familiar incrementó la participación (r = 0,301, p = 0,001), superando las limitaciones intrapersonales (61%) e interpersonales (57%). Discusión: Si bien las barreras estructurales y de género se alinean con los patrones globales, la centralidad del apoyo familiar (OR = 2,3) contrasta con los modelos de sociedad individualista que enfatizan la influencia de los pares.
Conclusiones: Este estudio identificó las barreras estructurales como el principal impedimento para la actividad física en indonesios con discapacidades de movilidad, superando a los factores intrapersonales e interpersonales, a la vez que revela deficiencias sistémicas en los sistemas de apoyo inclusivos para la discapacidad. Por consiguiente, es imperativo transformar la infraestructura accesible, las políticas inclusivas y las redes de parentesco; la investigación futura requiere diseños de métodos mixtos, cohortes multirregionales y análisis longitudinales para descifrar los determinantes socioculturales y la eficacia de las intervenciones.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Kunjung Ashadi, Ima Kurrotun Ainin, Afif Rusdiawan, Laily Mita Andriana, Tri Setyo Utami, Riski Septa Jatmikanto, Fadilah Umar, Mohd Azrul Anuar Zolkafi
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