The rise of paddle surfing: economic impact assessment and business opportunities

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117035

Keywords:

Economic impact, market growth, Spain, sports tourism, stand-up , paddle-boarding

Abstract

Introduction: this article examined the global and local economic impact and business opportunities associated with the increasing popularity of stand-up paddleboarding. the evolution of this sport from its origins in surfing to its current widespread appeal was highlighted, emphasizing its physical, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions.

Objective: the objective was to analyze the economic effects and market growth of stand-up paddleboarding, both internationally and specifically in Spain, as well as to identify the main drivers and future prospects of the sector.

Methodology: a descriptive methodology was used, combining the review of sectoral reports, statistical data, and information provided by national associations, focusing on market growth rates, investment trends, and the contribution to gross domestic product.

Results: the results showed significant global expansion of the stand-up paddleboarding market, with projections of reaching USD 3.17 billion by 2030 and a compound annual growth rate of 9.6%. In Spain, the sector experienced an annual growth of 15% in recent years, with an estimated turnover of 228 million euros in 2023, mainly driven by the increase in tourism and investment in related infrastructure and services.

Discussion: the discussion contrasted these findings with other studies, confirming the positive economic impact of water sports and the growing interest in outdoor activities. the development of new equipment and the diversification of activities such as touring, yoga, and fishing contributed to the expansion of the market.

Conclusions: in conclusion, stand-up paddleboarding was identified as a sport with considerable economic influence and promising prospects in the sports and leisure industry, both globally and in the spanish context.

References

Addison, C. (2010). The history of stand up paddling. SUP World Magazine. Recuperado el 02/03/2025, de https://www.supworldmag.com/the-history-of-stand-up-paddling/

Astorga Verdugo, S. A., Gonzalez Silva, S. P., Campos Saavedra, G. D., Martinez Araya, A. R., Zamorano Sanchez, C. E., Guzman-Muñoz, E. E., … Rojas Cabezas, G. (2024). Efectos de un entrenamiento muscular de core sobre la postura, funcionalidad y la presencia de dolor en estudiantes univer-sitarias con dolor lumbar. Retos, 58, 338–343. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.103964

Báez-Suárez, A., & Moreham, B. L. (2024). Incidencia de lesiones en deportistas de alto rendimiento de Stand Up Paddle. Retos, 56, 258–264. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103586

Boletín Oficial del Estado. (2023). Real Decreto 186/2023, de 21 de marzo, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de Ordenación de la Navegación Marítima. Recuperado el 12/05/2025, de https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2023-7410

Burgoyne, N. (2010). The stand up paddle book. Lava Rock Publishing.

Casey, R. (2011). Stand up paddling: Flatwater to surf and rivers. Mountaineers Books.

Castañeda-Babarro, A., Balerdi, E., & León-Guereño, P. (2022). Análisis del stand up paddle: Una revi-sión sistemática. Retos, 44, 193–201. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90595

Castañeda-Babarro, A., Viribay‑Morales, A., León‑Guereño, P., Urdanpilleta‑Otegui, A., Mielgo‑Ayuso, J., & Coca, A. (2020). Anthropometric profile, body composition, and somatotype in stand‑up pad-dle (SUP) boarding international athletes: A cross‑sectional study. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 37(5), 958–963. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03189

Coherent Market Insights. (2025, February 20). Stand up paddleboard market: Trends & forecast, 2025–2032. Recuperado el 03/03/2025, de https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/industry-reports/stand-up-paddleboard-market

European Commission. (2025, April 29). Unbalanced tourism: Which European destinations are poten-tially vulnerable?. Recuperado el 03/05/2025, de https://transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/unbalanced-tourism-which-european-destinations-are-potentially-vulnerable-2025-04-29_en

Federación Española de Surf. (2024). Stand up paddle. Recuperado el 06/04/2025, de https://www.fesurf.es/competiciones/stand-up-paddle/

Freitas, J., Conceição, A., Louro, H., Forte, P., Marinho, D. A., & Neiva, H. P. (2023). A systematic review for stand‑up paddle. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 16(1), e1875399X269171. https://doi.org/10.2174/011875399X269171231207102715

Furness, J., Olorunnife, O., Schram, B., Climstein, M., & Hing, W. (2017). Epidemiology of injuries in stand‑up paddle boarding. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(6), 2325967117710759. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967117710759

Helliker, K. (2010, August 25). Surf’s up: The rise of stand‑up paddle boards. The Wall Street Journal.

Iberley. (2018). Decreto 25/2018, de 27 de julio, sobre la conservación de la Posidonia oceanica en las Illes Balears. Recuperado el 10/05/2025, de https://www.iberley.es/legislacion/decreto-25-2018-27-julio-sobre-conservacion-posidonia-oceanica-illes-balears-25971371

Kleiner, A., & Hunziker, M. (2023). Stand‑up paddling: A case study on the effect and impact pathway of information and appeals to reduce ecological conflicts. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 44, 100743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2023.100743

Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte & Consejo Superior de Deportes. (2022). Encuesta de hábitos deporti-vos en España 2022: Resultados detallados. Recuperado el 05/04/2025.

Natural England. (2020). Marine recreation evidence briefing: Non‑motorised watercraft. Recuperado el 18/04/2025, de https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/file/5298151744864256

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Pérez‑Gutiérrez, M., Castanedo‑Alonso, J. M., & Cobo‑Corrales, C. (2021). El surf en la educación for-mal: Revisión sistemática. Retos, 41, 684–694. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v41i0.82917

Reuters. (2025, May 18). Thousands protest against overtourism in Spain’s Canary Islands. Recuperado el 20/05/2025, de https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/thousands-protest-against-overtourism-spains-canary-islands-2025-05-18/

Rethlefsen, M. L., Kirtley, S., Waffenschmidt, S., Ayala, A. P., Moher, D., Page, M. J., & Koffel, J. B. (2021). PRISMA‑S: An extension to the PRISMA Statement for reporting literature searches in systema-tic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z

Ruess, C., Kristen, K. H., Eckelt, M., Mally, F., & Litzenberger, S. (2013a). Activity of trunk and leg mus-cles during stand up paddle surfing. Procedia Engineering, 60, 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.07.008

Ruess, C., Kristen, K. H., Eckelt, M., Mally, F., & Litzenberger, S. (2013b). Stand up paddle surfing—An aerobic workout and balance training. Procedia Engineering, 60, 62–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.07.009

Santos, D. (2022). Los orígenes del surf en Hawai: ¿La mejor campaña de marketing turístico de la his-toria? Retos, 44, 1132–1140. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90970

Santos González, D. (2024). No vas a dejar el surf: Reflexiones sobre las motivaciones y condicionantes sociales de su práctica. Retos, 59, 903–911. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108656

Schram, B. (2015). Stand up paddle boarding: An analysis of a new sport and recreational activity (Te-sis doctoral). Bond University. Recuperado el 07/01/2025, de https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/stand-up-paddle-boarding-an-analysis-of-a-new-sport-and-recre

Schram, B., Hing, W., & Climstein, M. (2015). Profiling the sport of stand‑up paddle boarding. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(10), 937–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1079331

Schram, B., Hing, W., & Climstein, M. (2016). The physiological, musculoskeletal and psychological effects of stand up paddle boarding. BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation, 8, 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-016-0057-6

Schram, B., Furness, J., Kemp‑Smith, K., Sharp, J., Cristini, M., Harvie, D., … Becker, M. (2019). A biome-chanical analysis of the stand‑up paddle board stroke: A comparative study. PeerJ, 7, e8006. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8006

SkyQuest Technology Consulting Pvt. Ltd. (2023). Stand‑up paddle board market size, growth & trends report | 2032. Recuperado el 19/05/2025, de https://www.skyquestt.com/report/stand-up-paddle-board-market

Swadling, D. S., West, G. J., Gibson, P. T., Laird, R. J., & Glasby, T. M. (2023). Don’t go breaking apart: Anthropogenic disturbances predict meadow fragmentation of an endangered seagrass. Aqua-tic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 33(1), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3905

Tyndall, J. (2010). AACODS Checklist: Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance. Flinders University. Recuperado el 13/02/2025.

Universidad de Canberra. (s. f.). Appraisal (The AACODS Checklist)—Grey Literature in Health. Recu-perado el 01/09/2025.

West, S. (2012). Stand up paddle: A paddlers guide. Batini Books.

Willmott, A. G. B., Sayers, M. G., & Brickley, G. (2016). The physiological and perceptual responses of stand‑up paddle board exercise in laboratory and field settings. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(8), 1023–1033. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1171847

Additional Files

Published

27-09-2025

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Andreu Cabrera, E. (2025). The rise of paddle surfing: economic impact assessment and business opportunities. Retos, 73, 157-169. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117035