A psychophysiological approach to the study of strategic self-talk mechanisms through heart rate variability during a cycling task

Evangelos Galanis; Zoran Stojković; Theodoros Proskinitopoulos; Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis; Nikos Comoutos; Yannis Theodorakis; Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis

doi:10.47197/retos.v70.117042

Autores/as

Evangelos Galanis University of Thessaly https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-2012
Zoran Stojković University of Thessaly (Greece); Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services (Canada)
Theodoros Proskinitopoulos University of Thessaly (Greece) https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2804-9784
Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis University of Thessaly (Greece)
Nikos Comoutos University of Thessaly (Greece)
Yannis Theodorakis University of Thessaly (Greece)
Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis University of Thessaly (Greece)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.117042

Palabras clave:

Psicología del deporte aplicada, sistema nervioso autónomo, RMSSD, modulación vagal

Resumen

Introducción: La literatura sobre el autohabla ha destacado la importancia de emplear enfoques multidisciplinarios para comprender mejor cómo funciona el autohabla estratégico.

Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio fue examinar el efecto de una intervención de autohabla estratégico sobre la modulación vagal durante el ejercicio aeróbico de intensidad moderada.

Metodología: Se empleó un ensayo controlado aleatorizado. Ochenta y tres estudiantes de ciencias del deporte (36 mujeres), con una edad media de 21.02 (±2.31) años, completaron los requisitos del estudio. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los grupos experimental y de control. Se monitoreó la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (HRV) durante el ejercicio para evaluar los cambios en la modulación vagal. Los participantes pedalearon al 50% de su reserva de frecuencia cardíaca durante 20 minutos, con el grupo experimental utilizando autohabla estratégico de tipo instruccional. Las medidas de HRV se promediaron en intervalos de 4 minutos y se analizaron mediante un análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas.

Resultados: El análisis de comparaciones por pares mostró diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos en la medida de variabilidad de frecuencia cardíaca (RMSSD) durante los últimos 8 minutos de la tarea (p < .05).

Discusión: Estas diferencias reflejaron una menor supresión vagal en el grupo de autohabla en comparación con el grupo de control. Las diferencias observadas en la modulación vagal podrían explicarse por los efectos autorregulatorios del autohabla estratégico durante la tarea, especialmente en las fases finales, lo que sugiere un menor esfuerzo en el rendimiento.

Conclusiones: Los presentes hallazgos proporcionan evidencia alentadora para continuar investigando los mecanismos del autohabla estratégico mediante enfoques psicofisiológicos.

Citas

Aulia, P., Puspasari, D., Maharani, P., Safitri, S. N., Yulitri, S., Rahmah, J. H., Azizah, I. Z., & Dani, F. R. (2025). The effectiveness of self-talk to increase self-confidence, emotional regulation and mo-tivation in athletes. Retos, 65, 285-292. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.112325

Barwood, M. J., Corbett, J., Wagstaff, C. R., McVeigh, D., & Thelwell, R. C. (2015). Improvement of 10-km time-trial cycling with motivational self-talk compared with neutral self-talk. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(2), 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0059

Berntson, G. G., Bigger, J. T., Jr., Eckberg, D. L., Grossman, P., Kaufmann, P. G., Malik, M., Nagaraja, H. N., Porges, S. W., Saul, P. J., Stone, P. H., Van De Molen, M. W. (1997). Heart rate variability: Ori-gins, methods, and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34(6), 623–648. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x

Bellomo, E., Cooke, A., Gallicchio, G., Ring, C., & Hardy, J. (2020). Mind and body: Psychophysiological profiles of instructional and motivational self-talk. Psychophysiology, 57(5), e13586. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13586

Blanchfield, A. W., Hardy, J., de Morree, H. M., Staiano, W., & Marcora, S. M. (2014). Talking yourself out of exhaustion: The effects of self-talk on endurance performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(5), 998–1007. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000184

Bortoli, L., Bertollo, M., Hanin, Y., & Robazza, C. (2012). Striving for excellence: A multi-action plan intervention model for shooters. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.006

Bovolon, L., De Fano, A., Di Pinto, G., Rosito, S. A., Scaramuzza, C., Tanet, E., & Bertollo, M. (2025). Inte-grating brain-body-behavior data for performance optimization: Augmented technologies for the next generation of sport psychologists. Psychology of Sport & Exercise 81, 102954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102954

Brooks, D. (2004). The complete book of personal training. Human Kinetics.

Cabral, L. L., da Silva, C. K., Delisle-Rodriguez, D., Lima-Silva, A. E., Galanis, E., Bertollo, M., Hatzigeor-giadis, A., Villarejo-Mayor, J. J., & Pereira, G. (2024). Motivational self-talk mitigates the harm-ful impact of mental fatigue on endurance performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(2), 257–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2208643

de Matos, L. F., Bertollo, M., Stefanello, J. M. F., Pires, F. O., da Silva, C. K., Nakamura, F. Y., & Pereira, G. (2021). Motivational self-talk improves time-trial swimming endurance performance in ama-teur triathletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(3), 446–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2020.1717576

Galanis, E., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Comoutos, N., Papaioannou, A., Morres, I.D., & Theodorakis, Y. (2022). Effects of a strategic self-talk intervention on attention functions. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(5), 1368-1382. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1963304

Galanis, E., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., & Theodorakis, Y. (2016). Why self-talk is effective? A review on the self-talk mechanisms in sport. In Sport and exercise psychology research: From theory to practice (pp. 181–200). Elsevier.

Galanis, E., Nurkse, L., Kooijman, J., Papagiannis, E., Karathanasi, A., Comoutos, N., Theodorakis, Y., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2022). Effects of a strategic self-talk intervention on attention functions and performance in a golf task under conditions of ego depletion. Sustainability, 14(12), 7046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127046

Galanis, E., Papagiannis, E., Nurkse, L., Theodorakis, Y., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2023). The effects of strategic self-talk on divided attention following physical exhaustion. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(4), 883–893. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2090989

Gregersen, J., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Galanis, E., Comoutos, N., & Papaioannou, A. (2017). Countering the consequences of ego depletion: The effects of self-talk on selective attention. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 39(3), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2016-0265

Hardy, J. (2006). Speaking clearly: A critical review of the self-talk literature. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 7(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.04.002

Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Bartura, K., Argiropoulos, C., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Flouris, A. (2018). Beat the heat: Effects of a motivational self-talk intervention on endurance performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 30(4), 388–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2017.1395930

Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-talk and sports perfor-mance: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136

Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Mertgen, A. (2018). Vagal tank theory: The three Rs of cardiac vagal control functioning – Resting, reactivity, and recovery. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 458. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00458

Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Thayer, J. F. (2017). Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psycho-physiological research—Recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00213

Latinjak, A. T., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Comoutos, N., & Hardy, J. (2019). Speaking clearly … 10 years on: The case for an integrative perspective of self-talk in sport. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 8(4), 353–367. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000160

Latinjak, A. T., Morin, A., Brinthaupt, T. M., Hardy, J., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Kendall, P. C., Neck, C., Oliver, E. J., Puchalska-Wasyl, M. M., Tovares, A. V., & Winsler, A. (2023). Self-talk: An interdisciplinary review and transdisciplinary model. Review of General Psychology, 27(3), 355–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680231170263

Marcora, S. (2019). Psychobiology of fatigue during endurance exercise. In Endurance performance in sport: Psychological theory and interventions (pp. 15–34). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Marcora, S. M., & Staiano, W. (2010). The limit to exercise tolerance in humans: Mind over muscle? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 109(4), 763–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1418-6

Naderirad, N., Abdoli, B., Farsi, A., & Hassanlouei, H. (2023). The effect of instructional and motiva-tional self-talk on accuracy and electromyography of active and passive muscles in elbow joint position sense test. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21(4), 600–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2022.2078854

Panoulas, O., Berchicci, M., Bovolon, L., Tzormpatzakis, E., Proskinitopoulos, T., Galanis, E., Stavrou, N., Bertollo, M., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (in press). Strategic self-talk and readiness potential in pistol shooting: A pilot study on the attentional self-talk mechanism. NeuroRegulation.

Sarig, Y., Ruiz, M, C., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., & Tenenbaum G. (2023). The effects of instructional self-talk on quiet-eye duration and golf putting performance. The Sport Psychologist 37(3), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2023-0023

Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J. P., Lipponen, J. A., Ranta-Aho, P. O., & Karjalainen, P. A. (2014). Kubios HRV – Heart rate variability analysis software. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedi-cine, 113(1), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024

Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Elec-trophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological inter-pretation, and clinical use. Circulation, 93(5), 1043–1065. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043

Thayer, J. F., Hansen, A. L., Saus-Rose, E., & Johnsen, B. H. (2009). Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: The neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9101-z

Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61(3), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00338-4

Wei, L., Chen, H., & Wu, G. R. (2018). Structural covariance of the prefrontal-amygdala pathways asso-ciated with heart rate variability. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00002

Un enfoque psicofisiológico para el estudio de los mecanismos del autohabla estratégico a través de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca durante una tarea de ciclismo

Autores/as

DOI:

Palabras clave:

Resumen

Citas

Descargas

Publicado

Cómo citar

Número

Sección

Licencia

Idioma

Información

Enviar un artículo