El efecto de la actividad física en proyectos STEAM diferenciados en el aprendizaje de ciencias y el desarrollo de habilidades del siglo XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.116789Palabras clave:
Actividad física, Proyecto STEAM diferenciado, Aprendizaje de ciencias, Habilidades del siglo XXIResumen
Objetivo: Este estudio compara proyectos STEAM diferenciados en el aprendizaje de ciencias mediante experimentos científicos, la integración de STEAM y la integración de la actividad física, así como las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre el papel de la actividad física. Este estudio también examina cómo estas actividades físicas motivan a los niños y desarrollan habilidades del siglo XXI como el trabajo en equipo, la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico.
Método: Este estudio utiliza enfoques mixtos. La actividad física, la motivación y las habilidades del siglo XXI de los estudiantes se evaluaron mediante un cuestionario de escala Likert. Otros métodos incluyen rúbricas de evaluación de proyectos y notas de observación para evaluar objetivamente las habilidades del siglo XXI, y el análisis de documentos de planificación de proyectos para la comparación de modelos STEAM. Los datos cualitativos se evaluaron temáticamente, mientras que los cuantitativos se analizaron descriptivamente (promedio, desviación estándar, frecuencia). La triangulación combinó datos de múltiples fuentes.
Resultados: Los proyectos STEAM físicamente activos proporcionan una experiencia de aprendizaje más completa e inmersiva que otros métodos. A los estudiantes les gustaron las actividades físicas del proyecto. Las puntuaciones más altas de actividad física se corresponden con una mejor comprensión de las ciencias (β = 0,68, R² ≈ 0,52). La actividad física potencia el trabajo en equipo, el pensamiento crítico y la creatividad (β = 0,50, R² ≈ 0,25, 0,65, 0,42, 0,56, 0,33).
Conclusión: El proyecto STEAM variado con actividades físicas mejora la percepción del alumnado y el conocimiento científico y de habilidades del siglo XXI. La actividad física potencia el aprendizaje y ayuda a dominar el contenido y las habilidades.
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