Evaluación de los impactos en la salud de la anterior actividad ocupacional en la edad adulta: un enfoque basado en modelos predictivos

Autores/as

  • Raquel Aparicio Mera IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
  • Antonio Alonso Callejo IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
  • Maria Marin Farrona IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
  • Daniel Duclos Bastias IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-5776
  • Samuel Manzano Carrasco Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía. Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Av. de las Universidades, 2, 41704, Sevilla (Spain).
  • Leonor Gallardo IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
  • Jorge Garcia Unanue IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
  • Jose Luis Felipe IGOID Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114237

Palabras clave:

Condición física, jubilación, personas mayores, salud mental

Resumen

Introducción: La actividad física regular puede ayudar a reducir los efectos asociados con la actividad ocupacional antes de la jubilación.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, mediante un enfoque de modelo predictivo, el efecto de la relación entre el tipo de actividad ocupacional y la actividad física sobre la salud antropométrica, física y mental en una población adulta jubilada.

Metodología: Se incluyeron un total de 501 participantes jubilados (70,13 ± 1,23 años) que fueron categorizados en tres grupos según su actividad ocupacional. El modelo de predicción se construyó con las siguientes variables: actividad ocupacional, sexo, nivel de actividad física, índice de masa corporal, no fumar, actividad física y las variables suavizadas (Edad). Las variables dependientes fueron la prueba de caminata de seis minutos, la fuerza de agarre manual, la salud mental, la salud física, la masa grasa y la masa muscular.

Resultados: En los hombres, el grupo de trabajo vigoroso mostró valores más bajos en la prueba de caminata de seis minutos y valores más altos en las variables antropométricas en comparación con el grupo de trabajo sedentario. En las mujeres, los grupos de trabajo moderado y vigoroso mostraron valores más bajos en la prueba de caminata de seis minutos en comparación con el grupo de trabajo sedentario. En cuanto a las variables antropométricas, los mismos grupos presentaron valores más altos en comparación con el grupo de trabajo sedentario. En términos de salud mental, el grupo de trabajo moderado mostró puntuaciones más bajas en comparación con el grupo de trabajo sedentario.

Discusión: La actividad ocupacional, la actividad física, el sexo y el índice de masa corporal fueron predictores de las variables antropométricas, la salud mental y la condición física.

Conclusiones: Sería beneficioso implementar un programa de ejercicio durante la etapa laboral en organizaciones con trabajos de intensidad moderada y vigorosa.

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Publicado

2025-06-26

Cómo citar

Aparicio Mera, R., Alonso Callejo, A., Marin Farrona, M., Duclos Bastias, D., Manzano Carrasco, S., Gallardo, L., … Felipe, J. L. (2025). Evaluación de los impactos en la salud de la anterior actividad ocupacional en la edad adulta: un enfoque basado en modelos predictivos. Retos, 70, 200–211. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114237

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas