El impacto transformador del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en los indicadores de rendimiento de jugadores adolescentes de tenis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114111Palabras clave:
Aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, potencia explosiva, rendimiento en esprints, jóvenes atletasResumen
Introducción: El Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad (HIIT) es un método reconocido para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo; sin embargo, su eficacia en jugadores adolescentes de tenis sigue siendo poco estudiada. El tenis requiere una combinación de velocidad, agilidad, resistencia y potencia explosiva, lo que hace que el HIIT específico para este deporte sea una intervención prometedora para la mejora del rendimiento.
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de una intervención de HIIT de 8 semanas en parámetros fisiológicos y de rendimiento en jugadores adolescentes de tenis.
Metodología: Treinta y seis tenistas masculinos de nivel intermedio (15-19 años) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo experimental (n=18), que realizó 20 sesiones de HIIT, o a un grupo de control (n=18), que siguió un entrenamiento convencional. Se evaluaron el consumo máximo de oxígeno (V̇O₂max), la potencia explosiva (salto con contramovimiento, salto en cuclillas, salto desde caída), la velocidad en esprints (5m, 10m) y la agilidad (prueba T modificada). Se aplicó ANOVA de medidas repetidas para el análisis estadístico.
Resultados: El grupo experimental mostró mejoras significativas (p < .001) en todos los parámetros: V̇O₂max aumentó un 4.84%, CMJ un 15.44%, SJ un 10.77%, DJ un 12.40%, mientras que los tiempos de esprint disminuyeron en un 2.73% (5m) y 6.51% (10m). La agilidad mejoró un 8.08%. El grupo de control mostró cambios mínimos.
Discusión y conclusión: Los resultados destacan la eficacia del HIIT en la optimización de la capacidad aeróbica, anaeróbica y neuromuscular, alineándose con las demandas fisiológicas del tenis. Se recomienda explorar más su aplicación en el desarrollo atlético a largo plazo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Prashant Kumar Choudhary, Suchishrava Choudhary; Sohom Saha; Debajit Karmakar, Yajuvendra Singh Rajpoot, Arnav Sharma, Sambhu Prasad, Bhanu Pratap, Dharmendra Singh Dharam, Khushbu Sisodiya, Pradeep Prajapati
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