El aumento de la masa grasa corporal se vincula a un cociente respiratorio alto en personas con mal nutrición por exceso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113028Palabras clave:
Cociente respiratorio, flexibilidad metabólica, metabolismo basal, metabolismo energético, obesidadResumen
Introducción: La obesidad es una pandemia global asociada a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y aumento de la mortalidad general. Se caracteriza por un exceso de tejido adiposo subcutáneo y visceral. El tejido adiposo visceral desempeña un rol clave en la regulación energética; un desequilibrio en la disponibilidad de sustratos puede reflejar disfunción mitocondrial. En personas con obesidad, se ha observado alteración celular en el tejido adiposo, lo que contribuye a una menor capacidad de oxidación de ácidos grasos, fenómeno conocido como inflexibilidad metabólica.
Objetivo: analizar los perfiles metabólicos en adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad, mediante calorimetría indirecta en reposo y su relación con masa grasa y muscular.
Metodología: Se evaluaron adultos con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad en el laboratorio de fisiología del ejercicio de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede Santiago. Se registraron mediciones antropométricas (4 pliegues cutáneos) y calorimetría indirecta en reposo. El análisis consideró el cociente respiratorio (RQ), el porcentaje de masa grasa y masa muscular.
Resultados: Los participantes con obesidad mostraron un RQ elevado en reposo, en comparación con personas con normopeso. Este hallazgo se relacionó con mayor porcentaje de masa grasa y menor masa muscular relativa.
Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la obesidad se asocia a inflexibilidad metabólica, evidenciada por una menor capacidad para oxidar grasas en reposo. Este fenómeno podría estar vinculado a disfunción mitocondrial, resistencia a la insulina e inflamación crónica.
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