Las carreras profesionales de los exfutbolistas portugueses: un enfoque sociodemográfico y profesional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.109791Palabras clave:
Fútbol, ex jugadores, Carrera Deportiva Profesional, reforma deportiva, Impactos sociodemográficosResumen
Introducción: El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las características sociodemográficas y profesionales relacionadas con las carreras de los exfutbolistas portugueses.
Metodología: 84 exjugadores portugueses (48.8 ± 8.2 años) con al menos 8 años de experiencia profesional, que finalizaron sus carreras entre 1988 y 2018. Los datos cuantitativos se recopilaron a partir de una guía de entrevista semiestructurada validada.
Resultados y Discusión: Los exjugadores portugueses tuvieron una carrera de 15.2 ± 3.1 años con más 6.4 ± 2.2 años de formación federada juvenil. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los exjugadores con diferentes niveles competitivos (t(71)=3.843; p=0.001) y estatus internacional (t(82)=-2.740; p=0.008). Durante sus carreras, el 36% completó formación académica y el 61.9% siguió educación técnica. La habilitación académica mostró relaciones estadísticamente significativas con el nivel competitivo (χ2(1)=9.655; ρ=0.002) y el estatus internacional (χ2(1)=6.930; ρ=0.008), a diferencia de lo que ocurrió con la calificación técnica (p>0.05). La mayoría de los exjugadores se casan (83.3%) y tienen hijos durante la carrera (82.2%). La tasa de divorcio es del 15%. La movilidad residencial es alta (8.1 ± 5.55 años). Los ingresos profesionales se consideraron altos o muy altos y el 16.7% de los exjugadores desarrollaron adicciones durante su carrera.
Conclusión: Los exjugadores con niveles competitivos más altos y estatus internacional tienden a tener carreras más largas. Por el contrario, tienden a invertir menos en formación académica. La carrera futbolística es breve y presenta factores de estrés y riesgo, principalmente en los niveles competitivos más altos. Los hallazgos contribuyen a una mejor comprensión y discusión de las carreras profesionales de los exfutbolistas portugueses.
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